摘要
湿地生态用水是湿地为维持自身发展过程、保证基本生态功能发挥所需要的水量,作为一种特殊的生态系统类型,湿地的生态用水计算比其他生态系统复杂,其中包括湿地植被需水量、满足蒸发需水量、湿地土壤需水量、湿地动物需水量、野生生物栖息地需水量以及景观建设需水量等等。本文介绍了用水量平衡法计算湿地生态系统需水的方法,并分别探讨了湿地中植被、土壤、生物栖息地等诸项生态需水量的计算方法。用这些方法对乌梁素海湿地的生态用水量进行了具体探索。乌梁素海湿地包括内蒙古自治区的第二大淡水湖———乌梁素海及其周围的沼泽地。通过分析计算,得出乌梁素海湿地在汛期、非汛期的生态用水量分别为2 .93×10 8m3 和3.10 9×10 8m3 ,全年的生态用水量为6 .0 2 9×10 8m3 。乌梁素海湿地每年耗水量、出水量占进水总量的12 .88% ,每年需要向湿地补充2 .32 9×10 8m3 的水资源量。所以现在所补水量难以满足湿地生态系统对水的需求问题,使得湿地面临着水资源短缺的危机。乌梁素海湿地属于黄河流域中游湿地,所在区域自然环境恶劣,缺水问题十分严重,湿地退化问题更是突出。
Wetland ecological water is what wetland needs to maintain its self-development and ensure the basic ecological functions. As a special ecosystem, wetland ecological water includes vegetation water requirements, evaporation water requirements, wetland soil water requirements, wetland creature water requirements, wild life inhabitation water requirements, and water for landscape construction, etc. So, the calculation of wetland ecological water is more complex than other ecosystems. The methods to calculate wetland ecological water by water balance were presented and the ecological water of vegetation, soil, life inhabitations et al in wetland was also discussed separately in this paper. With these methods, the ecological water in Wuliangsuhai wetland was studied in detail. Wuliangsuhai wetland includes Wuliangsuhai, the second largest fresh water lake, and its surrounding marshes in Neimengu Autonomous Region. By analysing and calculating, the results were that the ecological water was 2.93×10~8m^3 in flood season and 3.109×10~8m^3 in non-flood season, and the total ecological water use was 6.029×10~8m^3 in a year. The annual water consumption and output accounted for 12.88% of the total input water in Wuliangsuhai wetland, and 2.329×10~8m^3 water resource should be supplied to it every year. Therefore, the supplied water was not enough for the wetland ecosystem and it made water resource shortage to a crisis. Wuliangsuhai wetland lies in the middle of the Yellow River basin, where the natural environment is bad and the issues of water shortage and wetland degradation are very serious. Therefore, it is very important for the conservation and restoration of wetlands in this region to calculate the wetland water requirement by the theory of water requirement.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第2期147-151,共5页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
水利部项目"中国陆域湿地及其水资源状况综合分析"
