摘要
本文针对把施事当作基本语义角色所遇到的困难,提出施事的理解很大程度上取决于语用因素的观点。文章逐一考察了关乎施事语义的几个方面的因素:主语名词的词汇语义、动词的自主性、句式以及说话人的主观态度。结果表明,不论是名词、动词还是句式,只有那些自身凝结了语用规定意义的少数成员能明确地预测施事,其他的常规情况下,是不是理解为施事要看语用条件。施事常常与说话人的视点和感情合一,说话人的移情焦点优先占据句首位置的时候,叙述视点有可能离开常规施事位置,常规施事位置上就会出现弱施事成分,这是施事语用决定特征的另一方面表现。
This paper argues that agent interpretation often arises from its context with pragmaticinformation, unless an item, quite rare in natural language, is encoded pragmatically within itslexical unit. This finding is supported by evidence from the inherent lexical content of the subjectnouns, the lexical semantic natures of so-called 'volitional verbs', and the construction in whichthe verb and nouns co-exist. Finally, the paper proposes a syntactic hierarchy of preferred agencyslots, which is encoded and interpreted by both addressers' empathy and perspective hierarchy.
出处
《中国语文》
CSSCI
北大核心
2002年第6期483-494,共12页
Studies of the Chinese Language
关键词
施事角色
语用属性
说话人
移情焦点
施事位置
行为特征
句式
汉语
弱施事性
agent
volitionality
causative construction
purposive construction
pragmatic codification
addresser's perspective
empathetic focus
