摘要
在光照周期为 12 L:12 D、土壤含水量为 15 %的 5种恒温条件下 (15℃、2 0℃、2 5℃、30℃和 35℃ ) ,以丝瓜花为饲料研究了棉露尾甲未成熟期 (卵期、幼虫期和蛹期 )的生长发育和存活情况 ;同时 ,在同样的光照和温度、棉球保湿的条件下 ,研究了温度对成虫寿命及繁殖的影响情况。结果表明 ,未成熟期各虫态发育速率随温度呈抛物线变化 ,30℃时发育速率最大 ;15℃时卵孵化率最高 ,2 0～ 30℃时 ,幼虫存活率、蛹羽化率显著高于低温 (15℃ )和高温 (30℃ ) ,平均分别可达 96 .3%和 93.2 % ,低温和高温对其有明显的抑制作用 ;成虫寿命同温度之间呈负的线性关系 ,雌虫寿命普遍长于雄虫 ,30℃时雌虫的产卵期最长 ,繁殖力最大 ,最高可达 14 6粒 /雌 。
Beetles are one of the oldest pollinators and many have evolved fixed pollination relationship with flowers.Nitidulids (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) were reported as pollinators long ago and are important pollinators of plants such as Annonaceae,Arecaceae,Dipterocarpaceae,Ebenaceae,Icacinaceae,Moraceae,Myristicaceae,Palmae, etc.Haptoncus luteolus (Erichson) can pollinate commercially grown sugar apples (Annona squamosa L.) and atemoyas (A.squamosa X A.cherimola P. Miller) in Florida. In domestic studies,nitidulids were recorded as pests in storages,cotton and rape.Luo Feng et al. have carried out research on the distribution and diffusion of H. luteolus in cotton field. They considered a valuable pollinator because it has a strong ability to diffuse and its range of host plants pollinated is very wide. Since this early research of nitidulids pollinators in China, there have been few reports about their biological and ecological traits. In this study we investigate the development,survival and fecundity of H.luteolus at different temperatures. H. luteolus used in our experiments were taken from the towel gourd field of Huazhong Agricultural University.They were housed and raised in the Institute of Insects Resources of Huazhong Agricultural University.We kept the adults at a constant temperature (27±2℃) and used the flowers of towel gourd to feed them.Every day we changed their foods,kept a tampon wet to maintain the humidity in the the bottles used to house the beetles, and collected eggs from petals. Five temperature were used in the experiments (15℃,20℃,25℃,30℃ and 35℃) one level of water-content in soil (15%) and illumination cycle of 12 hours light and 12 hours dark. The temperatures and illumination cycle were controlled by JKDP-2 type Eternal Temperature boxes.Intensity of illumination was equal to that found 15cm away from a 10W lightbulb in normal daylight. We took the soil from the field and removed stones and roots of grass. The soil was then dried in an oven and its weight stabilised. When the soil was cooled to room temperature,we added water to make the water-content of thesoil 15% (comparative water-content in soil). Under the conditions of each combination of temperatures,water-content in soil and illumination cycle,we got data from at least 10 replicates containing immature stages including of eggs,larvae and pupae which were kept in a culture dish (Φ×h=(6.5×1.5cm).)We repeated the same experiment three times. Every day we observed the beetles 3 times (08:00, 14:00 and (20:00).) Each time we not only made observations and recorded the developmental periods of instars at different ages but also paid attention to the developmental process and how well they grew. At the last observation (20:00) of each day,we measured the weight of each cultural dish and added water to maintain the water-content at 15% but only after taking the records. When dealing with the adults,we use the same temperatures and illumination cycle as in the immature stages. We placed one female and one male, eclosing in 12h, into a finger tube (1.5cm×6.0cm) and used a water-soaked tampon to maintain humidity instead of controlling water-content in soil. The coupled adults were fed petals of towel gourd covered in pollens. Petals were changed daily and the number of number of eggs laid by the female laid in 24h counted. Counting ended when the female died. We recorded the pre-oviposition duration,fecundity and longevity of females. If the male died first,we maintained our observation. If the female died first,we ceased our observation.Our results show that temperature has a significant effect to development,survival and fecundity of H. luteolus. The relationship between temperatures and rate of developmental immature stages (egg,larva and pupae) changes as a parabola model and the rate of developmental was highest at 30℃ are most rapid. The hatchability rate of eggs was highest at 15℃ (96.7%). Under conditions of 20~30℃,the survivability of larvae and the rate of eclosion averaged 93.2% and peaked at 96.3%. These va
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第12期2789-2793,共5页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
湖北省自然科学基金资助项目 ( 2 0 0 3 ABA10 3 )~~
关键词
棉露尾甲
温度
发育
繁殖力
Haptoncus luteolus
temperature
development
fecundity
