摘要
对包括废旧铅酸、锌锰、氢镍、锂离子和镉镍等电池的回收利用现状进行了综述。这些废旧电池的回收处理主要是采用基于火法冶金和湿法冶金原理的两种工艺流程。其中,由于废旧铅酸、镉镍和锌锰电池中所含的铅、镉、锌、汞等组分在400～1300℃的温度范围内容易挥发分离,因此,回收处理这些电池时一般侧重采用火法冶金工艺流程,但也存在设备和运行成本较高的缺点;回收废旧氢镍电池和锂离子蓄电池时,则侧重使用湿法工艺流程来回收其中的钴、镍等有价金属,但也存在二次污染处理量较大的缺点。结合近期的研究工作进展指出,未来研究的重点应包括解决回收利用过程的经济性、治理产生的二次污染以及对各种废旧电池进行综合回收利用。
Advances on the recycling and reusing of spent batteries, including lead-acid, zinc-manganese, nickel-metal hydride, lithium ion and nickel-cadmium batteries, were all reviewed. The recycling methods mainly based on prometallurgical process and hydrometallurgical process. Utilizing the volatility of lead, cadmium, zinc and mercury at 400-1 300 ℃, spent lead-acid, nickel-cadmium and zinc-manganese batteries were recycled and reused by prometallurgical process. Whereas it requires well equipped and the cost of prometallurgical process is high. Hydrometallurgical process was emphasized particularly on the recovery of cobalt and nickel in spent lithium ion and nickel-metal hydride batteries. At the same time, it caused the second pollution problems. Combined with our recent works, it is pointed out that the economical and second pollution problems must be resolved and synthetically recovery process will be recommended in the further investigation.
出处
《电源技术》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2005年第2期128-131,共4页
Chinese Journal of Power Sources
基金
广东省科技攻关项目(2002C31628
2003C105003)
关键词
废旧电池
电池回收利用
二次污染防治
综合回收工艺
spent batteries
recycling and reusing of batteries
treatment of second pollution
synthetically second process
