摘要
为了认识北京城市生态系统植物的构成特点、变化趋势及保护城市植物多样性 ,进而为北京城市绿化提供科学基础 ,对北京城区五环内各功能类型的植物进行了抽样调查、标本采集、鉴定和研究。结果表明 :(1)北京城区五环内共有维管束植物 99科30 7属 5 36种 ,其中北京本地种 2 79种 ,占总种数的 5 2 .0 5 % ,国内引进种 15 0种 ,占总种数的 2 7.99% ,国外引进种 10 7种 ,占总种数的 19.96 %。 (2 )北京城区植物属的区系地理成分以北温带成分为主 ,占城区总属数的 2 1.0 5 % ,远低于全北京植物北温带成分占 30 .30 %的比例 ;温带亚洲物种、旧世界温带物种、世界分布物种的比例都呈减少趋势 ;除旧世界热带物种成分外 ,其它热带物种成分的比例都有所增加。(3)城区各功能区物种丰富度从大到小的顺序为公园、学校校园、居民小区、道路、体育中心及单位场院、广场及公共建筑。公园、学校校园植物的总种数都占城区五环内植物总种数的 5 0 %以上 ,是城区植物的物种库。但本地植物物种比例在所有的功能区中均较低 ,甚至在公园与学校校园 ,本地物种的比例也分别只有 5 3.86 %与 5 2 .5 2 % ,居民小区和广场及公共建筑的北京本地种比例分别只有 4 1.39%和 4 0 .2 3%。 (4 )公园的乔、灌木植物多样性最高 。
Plants are the important components in Beijing urban ecosystems and play an essential role in urban landscape, environmental purification, and microclimate modification. In this study, we made a systematic investigation on Beijing urban plants based on urban functional zones, including parks, residential areas, roads, school yards, gym center and institution yards, and square and public buildings within fifth ring of Beijing. The results showed that there were 536 plants species, which belonged to 307 genera and 99 families in Beijing built area. Among them, 279 species were Beijing native plants, which was accounted for 52.05% of total urban plant species; 150 species were introduced from other regions of China, 27.99% of total urban plants, and 107 species were introduced from foreign countries, 19.96% of total urban plants. The floristic analysis of Beijing urban plants suggested that the flora in Beijing built area was mainly North Temperate elements, the ratio of North Temperate elements was 21.05%, and much lower than 30.30% in Beijing suburb. The plant ratios of Temperate Asia elements, Old World Tropic elements, Cosmopolitan elements were lower than those in Beijing suburb as wells. While, the plant ratio of Tropical elements was increased slightly. The specie richness distribution varied in different urban functional zones. The plant species richness was highest in parks then in schoolyards, and it was lowest the in square and public building. There were more than 50% of urban plants could be found in parks and schoolyards, which was a species pool in Beijing built area. The ratios of native plants were quite low in all sampled functional zones, and even in park and schoolyards, the native plant ratios were only 53.86% and 52.52% respectively. The parks had the highest species diversity of arbor and shrub, but the underdeveloped area had the highest species diversity of herbs. It may implied that the urban undeveloped areas be considered as good potential herbage species pool for urban, and extensive management of green spaces be a main cause for the low plant species diversity in urban built area. Native species protection shouldn't be neglected during city development.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第10期2200-2206,共7页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
中国科学院知识创新工程方向性项目 ( KZCX3 -SW-4 2 4)~~
