摘要
主要进行了氰戊菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、毒死蜱和三唑磷对大型蚤的21d慢性毒性试验。浓度≥0.5μg/kg的毒死蜱和≥0.05μg/kg的高效氯氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯能显著延长大型蚤的第一次怀卵和产卵时间,而三唑磷在所测范围(0.05～2.0μg/kg)内对这两项指标未产生显著影响。与第一次怀卵时间和第一次产卵时间相比,第一次产卵数、21d产卵总数、产卵次数、内禀增长力等似乎是更为敏感的生殖毒理学指标。21d试验结束时,毒死蜱和三唑磷对大型蚤体长变化没有显著影响,而0.025μg/kg及以上浓度氰戊菊酯和高效氯氰菊酯显著缩短了大型蚤的体长。综合各项指标,氰戊菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、毒死蜱和三唑磷对大型蚤最大无影响浓度(NOEC)分别为0.005、0.005、0.01、0.05μg/kg。相对有机磷杀虫剂而言,体长可以作为衡量菊酯类杀虫剂亚慢性毒性的一个特殊指标。将48h急性毒性数据与NOEC相对照,求得4种杀虫剂的应用因子(AF)介于0.004～0.012之间。研究结果表明,杀虫剂通过漂移和地表径流进入水体后形成的残留量,有可能对以大型蚤为代表的水生无脊椎动物造成急性和慢性毒害。由于不同药剂之间AF值相差较大,应当通过实测而不是预测来确定特定农药对水蚤的安全浓度。
Chronic toxicity of fenvalerate, beta-cypermethrin, chlorpyrifos and triazophos (towards) water flea, Daphnia magna, was tested in a 21 d test. Chlorpyrifos of ≥0.5 μg/kg and (fenvalerate) (and) (beta-cypermethrin) (of) (≥0.05) (μg /kg) (significantly) (prolonged) (the) (days) (to) (first) (pregnancy) and the days to first breeding, while triazophos had no impact on the above two (parameters) in range of concentrations tested (0.05～2.0 μg /kg). Compared with the days to first pregnancy and the days to first breeding, parameters such as the number of first brood, the total number of offspring and the total number of broods laid during the 21 d period, intrinsic rate of natural (increase(r)) seemed more sensitive to insecticide exposure. At the end of 21 d exposure the body length was not affected by chlorpyrifos and triazophos, while fenvalerate and beta-(cypermethrin) of ≥0.025 μg/kg significantly degraded the length of the body of the daphnia. (Taking) all the tested parameters into consideration itcoued be gound that the non-effective (concentration) (NOEC) of fenvalerate, beta-(cypermethrin,) chlorpyrifos, and triazophos were (0.005,) (0.005,) (0.01,) (0.05 μg/kg), respectively. In contrast with the organophosphorus (insecticides,) (the) (body) length could serve as a special index of pyrethroid (exposure.) Integrating (48 h)LC(50)s with the corresponding NOEC, the application factor (AF) of the 4 insecticides in range of 0.004~0.012 could be calculate. The present study suggests that insecticide contamination (results) from spray draft and run-off may cause both acute and chronic hazards on sensitive (organisms,) such as daphnia, in aquatic ecosystem. Since large diversity exists among the AFs it is better to undergo actual longer-term experiment, rather than by prediction, to determine the impact of certain insecticide on population dynamics of daphnia.
出处
《农药学学报》
CAS
CSCD
2004年第3期62-66,共5页
Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science
关键词
氰戊菊酯
高效氯氰菊酯
三唑磷
毒死蜱
大型蚤
慢性毒性
fenvalerate
beta-cypermethrin
triazophos
chlorpyrifos
Daphnia magna
chronic toxicity
