摘要
本文依据详细档案资料 ,分析苏联 30年代大清洗人数长期以来被夸大的原因。指出 ,以往或者把整个苏联 30— 50年代都视同大清洗时期 (实际特指1 937— 1 938年 ) ;或者把所有被关押人犯都当作清洗对象 (实际仅指政治犯 ) ;或者把受大清洗影响的人也统计成直接镇压人数等情况。考证了以往在国内外学术界研究大清洗问题具有影响的著作所列举的数据 ,证明其中大多由于缺乏档案资料的支持而呈现不可靠。文章最后驳斥了研究苏联大清洗问题上的“不可知论” ;指出统计被镇压人数必须坚持“论从史出” ,在大清洗问题研究中应当坚持实事求是的方法。
This article analysis the reasons for the longtime exaggeration of the number of people purged in the Soviet Union in the 1930s. Firstly, it looks into the concept of the 'Great Purge' and points out that the period of the 'Great Purge' has been improperly considered by many scholars to be from 1930 to 1950 (actually was only the years of 1937-38). Scholars have also made a wrong consideration on all those then in prison as the purged (actually the people purged were only the political criminals) or estimated those who were only affected by the Great Purge as the ones directly executed. Secondly, it examines the data provided in some eminent publications in the international circles and reveals that they are mostly unreliable due to a lack of the support of archives. Finally, it discusses the methodology in the studies of the Great Purge, refuting 'agnosticism' and insisting that estimation of the number of the executed must be based on historical facts.
出处
《世界历史》
CSSCI
北大核心
2003年第4期26-40,共15页
World History
