摘要
近年的研究以免疫识别与电子传递机制 (如不同电子介体、直接电子传递 )为核心 ,对于提高免疫识别信号与电化学信号的转换效率具有重要作用。IC工艺 (如厚膜技术 )制备免疫电极的方法 ,生物分子固定化技术以及多层膜结构 ,也在近年得到很大的发展 ,免疫电极的可靠性和实用性有了一定的改善。在电活性物质标记的基础上 ,电化学免疫传感器具有较高的灵敏度 (如电流型传感器 ) ,也可以实时检测免疫反应 (如电容型传感器 )。这类传感器具有较高灵敏度、操作简单和低成本的特点 ,适于环境监测 (尤其是现场检测 )技术要求 ,具有潜在的应用前景。在检测小分子半抗原 (如杀虫剂 )和病源微生物等方面都有了较大的发展。
This article overviews the recent trends of electrochemical immunosensor. A brief description of bio-electrochemistry mechanism and application of environmental monitoring is given. Different immunoreaction formats and electron transfer mechanism(such as different mediators, direct electron transfer) have been developed to effectively convert immuno-signal and electrochemical signals. The engineering approach for these immuoelectrodes including fabrication method using IC techniques (such as screen printing), immobilization strategy and layer-by-layer structure of functional film, was recently developed in a steadily way. Labeled by electroactive material (such as enzyme, metal ion), electrochemistry sensor shows the high sensitivity (such as amperometric sensor), and is capable of real-time detecting immunoreaction(such as capacitance sensor). Based on these novel technologies, the development of electrochemical immunosensor for monitoring environmental pollutant(such as pesiticides and pathogenic microorganism) has grown steadily for high sensitivity, simplicity and low cost. This kind of sensor possess a great potential in environmental monitoring, especially field application.
出处
《传感技术学报》
CAS
CSCD
2004年第3期526-530,共5页
Chinese Journal of Sensors and Actuators
基金
863基金资助项目
985基金资助项目
关键词
免疫传感器
免疫电极
环境污染
环境监测
Immunosensor
Immunoelectrode
Environmental Pollutant
Environmental Monitoring
