摘要
2014年索契冬奥会以510亿美元的开支一举成为历史上最昂贵的奥运会。在过去的十年里,即便全球金融危机仍在持续,即便来自学者、记者和社会活动家的批评与日俱增,奥运会这项大型赛事的巨额支出还是在不断膨胀(当然其广告和转播收入也在随之增长)。我们常常听到这样的说法,认为这些支出是由某些有权势的个人拍板决定的,他们欺瞒大众以增加自身的利益,然而这种说法不是社会科学论断,学者有责任更好地解释奥运会增长背后的动因。本文认为:奥运会基于社会科学研究者所熟悉的原则,只不过其规模要比我们日常的研究对象要大上许多数量级。社会科学研究者很清楚,人类将会因为违背经济原则资助这些仪式和庆典而深陷债务,但他们依然这么做,是因为这些活动有益于互惠经济、联盟构建以及创建想象共同体。本文旨在展现对北京和伦敦奥运会的新研究,聚焦于学者较少研究的外交和企业接待项目。大型赛事为政治、企业和文化的领袖们提供了建立联盟、巩固人脉的难得机会;这种场所正随着全球政治经济的日益紧密联系而变得日趋重要。从这结构性的视角出发,奥运会扩张是全球化的产物。
At US$51billion,the Sochi 2014 Winter Games were the most expensive Olympic Games ever.Olympics are mega-events involving massive expenditures that have ballooned over the past decade–but so have the advertising and broadcast revenues,even in the midst of the global financial crisis,and despite growing criticism by academics,journalists,and activists.The commonly-heard argument that these expenditures are made by powerful individuals who are deceiving the popular audience in order to forward their own interests is not a sociological argument.Academics have a responsibility to better explain what is driving this growth.This presentation argues that the Olympic Games are structured by principles that are familiar to social theorists,but on a scale that is many orders of magnitude larger than what we have typically studied.Social scientists know that humans will go into deep debt to fund rituals and ceremonies in a way that seems to fly against financial reason,but they do so because such events are essential to the gift economy,alliance formation,and the creation of imagined communities.This presentation presents new research on the Beijing and London Olympic Games,focusing on diplomatic and corporate hospitality programs,which are under-studied by academics.It argues that sport mega-events provide an unparalleled opportunity to leaders in political,corporate,and cultural spheres looking to build alliances and strengthen their networks;these venues are increasingly necessary as the global political economy becomes more closely linked.From this structural perspective,the Olympic expansion is an effect of globalization.
出处
《体育与科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2014年第4期110-115,共6页
Sports & Science
