摘要
近地空间辐射主要包括银河系宇宙线(GCR)、太阳高能粒子(SEP)、南大西洋异常区辐射带粒子(SAA)和由地球大气层散射引起的反照质子和中子。空间辐射造成的航天员辐射风险是载人航天重要关注对象。讨论了空间辐射和辐射对航天员的危害,报道了近地轨道辐射测量结果、基于辐射传能线密度(LET)观测谱和辐射风险截面的辐射风险评估LET谱方法、载人火星飞行的辐射风险以及辐射危害的应对措施。并用辐射风险计算的LET谱方法获得了地面环境辐射和火星之旅辐射风险,结果与其它方法获得的辐射风险吻合。
Radiation in LEO(Low Earth Orbit)is mainly composed of GCR(Galactic Cosmic Rays),solar energetic particles,SAA(South Atlantic Anomaly)radiation belt particles and the albedo protons and neutrons scattered from the Earth's atmosphere.Radiation risk to astronauts resulting from space radiation is an important object to be concerned for manned space travel.The space radiation and the radiation risk to astronauts are discussed.Some radiation results measured in LEO,the LET spectrum method to estimate radiation risk based on the LET spectrum measured and the cross section of radiation risk,the risk estimated for space flight to Mars,and the countermeasures for the risk are presented.Radiation risks evaluation obtained from LET spectrum method for the ground environmental radiation and for the radiation of return travel to Mars agreed with those obtained by other methods.
出处
《载人航天》
CSCD
2013年第4期81-89,共9页
Manned Spaceflight
