摘要
Many important advances in forest biotechnology have been made. The use of genetic transformation and the ap-plications of transgenic trees in modern forestry is now an important field. Two basic methodologies particle bombardment and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation have been used on conifers. However, routine procedures exist for only a limited number of conifers. As a result only a few species have been successfully transformed into stable transgenic plants. The use of a particle bombardment has been more successful and transgenic plants have been produced in Picea abies, Picea glauca, Picea mariana, and Pinus radiata, although the level of production of stable transgenic plants is lower than that of Agrobacte-rium. At present, breeding programs have been directed toward improving bole shape, growth rate, wood properties, and quality, as well as toward improving root and shoot performance, pest resistance, stress tolerance, herbicide resistance, and ability to resist stresses, which will drive forestry to enter a new era of productivity and quality. This article provides a brief overview of the current state of knowledge on genetic transformation in conifers.
林业生物技术的研究已经取得了许多重要的进展。遗传转化和转基因树的应用是当代林业研究中的重要领域。尽管微弹和农杆菌介导的转化已经被应用于重要的针叶树种,转基因植株仅仅在少数几个针叶树种上获得成功。大多数转基因针叶树来自微弹介导的转化,例如转基因的挪威云杉、白云杉、黑云杉和辐射松等。利用转基因技术可以改良树的形状、生长率、木材质量、抗虫性、抗除草剂能力和对不良环境的抵抗力。本文对遗传转化技术在这些领域中所取得的进展做了简短的综述。
