摘要
发育行为障碍是儿科常见的慢性疾病之一,可影响儿童的终生健康及生活质量。早期识别及早期干预可阻止或改善发育行为问题或障碍。尽管目前已开展正常人群特定年龄的发育筛查,但仍难识别3岁以下儿童轻度发育行为障碍,而其恰是更易从早期干预中获益的人群。发育行为障碍诊断的挑战性、标准化筛查工具的使用率以及筛查者的专业程度,是影响发育行为障碍早期识别的主要因素。发育行为障碍的早期识别依赖早期监测与筛查,监测分为结构化监测(使用标准化工具定期筛查)与非结构化监测(主观印象及随机观察),结构化监测对发育行为障碍的早期识别显著优于非结构化监测。改善发育行为障碍早期识别的措施:发育行为障碍的结构化监测与筛查成为常规的儿童保健及发育行为儿科体系的重要组成;使用标准化的发育行为筛查工具;促进相关从业人员对发育行为障碍相关知识与筛查技能提升;普及父母/照看者对发育行为障碍的认知;医教结合,早期识别,早期干预。
Developmental behavioral disorder is one of the common pediatric chronic diseases, which can affect the lifetime health and quality of life in children, and early identification and early intervention can prevent or improve developmental behavioral problems or disorders. Although developmental screening has been carried out in spe cific age groups, it is still very difficult to identify the children below 3 years old with mild developmental behavioral disorder, and this part crowd actually may benefit more from early intervention. The challenges in diagnosis of developmental behavioral disorder, the rates of using standardized screening tools and the professional degree of screening providers are the main factors affecting the status of early identification of developmental behavioral disorder. Early identification of developmental behavioral disorder relies on early surveillance and screening. The surveillance is divided into structured surveillance(using standardized tools for periodic screening) and unstructured surveillance(subjective impression and random observation), and the structured surveillance is significantly better than the unstructured surveillance in early identification of developmental behavioral disorder. To improve the status of early identification of developmental behavioral disorder, the structured surveillance and screening for developmental behavioral disor der should become an important component of conventional system of child health care and developmental and behavioral pediatrics, standardized developmental behavioral screening tools should be adopted, the relevant knowledge and screening skills in DBD of related professionals should be improved, the awareness of parents/care givers on developmental behavioral disorder should be popularized, and health and education partnership, early identification and early intervention should be advocated.
出处
《教育生物学杂志》
2014年第1期10-15,共6页
Journal of Bio-education
关键词
发育行为障碍
早期识别
监测
筛查
结构化监测
developmental behavioral disorder
early identification
surveillance
screening
structured surveillance
