摘要
目的瑞士心理学家皮亚杰(J·Piaget)在他的《儿童的道德判断》(1932)一书中,着重研究了儿童道德观念的两方面的问题:一是关于对动机意向和财物损坏(或客观后果)的道德判断问题;二是关于对惩罚的公正性的判断问题。皮亚杰之后,不断有人对这些课题加以重复验证或进行分析比较研究。直至七十年代,美国爱尔金和达贝克(D·Elkind & R·F·Dabek)又对一个新的课题——儿童关于人身伤害与财物损坏的道德判断进行了研究(1977)。这些研究为探索儿童道德观念的发展提供了有益的资料。本研究试图验证皮亚杰和爱尔金等人的研究结果,查明我国5～11岁儿童道德观念发展的特点和一般趋势,为我国儿童道德教育课程的编订和儿童心理学教材的建设提供资料。
By replicating and comparing the studies of J.Piaget and D.Elkiad,fourpaired stories were delivered to 2788children of 18 districts of China to in-vestigate theirmoral judgements.The re-sults indicate:1.The critical period fromobjective to subjective responsibility isat the age of 6-7.2.The critical periodby making moral judgements that areindependent of sanctions is at the age of8-9.3.With intentionality held constant,most children at all age levels judge per-sonal injury as more culpable than proper-ty damage.Under the unintentional con-ditions the response of two kinds ofdamages are independent of the age,while under the intentional conditions,hey are not completely independent ahe variance appeared at the age of 7-9.
