摘要
石棺葬是四川西北部阿坝藏族自治州茂县、汶川、理县三县境内分布甚为密集的一种古墓葬。研究这种墓葬的族属、时代,并复原当时社会经济面貌,对于解决羌族古代史的若干问题以及古代西北地区与西南地区之间的民族迁徙和文化交流,有着一定的现实意义。从目前掌握的材料来看,此类古墓葬的分布范围,西不出理县蒲溪沟(今薛城以西约20余里),南不过汶川县的绵虒(旧汶川县治),北达茂县附近,而主要地局限在岷江。
The cist tombs of the Upper Mingchiang are found in Mouhsien,Wn-ch'uan and Lihsienof the Apa Tibetan Autonomous chou in northwestern Szechwan.In two seasons of excava-tions conducted in August 1938 and March 1964,a total of twenty nine cist tombs werebrought to light.The cists are built in oblong earthen shafts and measure about 2.1 to 2.2 metres in length.Most of them are built of slate or gneiss but in some cases boulders of various rocksof uneven size and thickness are used instead.The bottom of the cists consist invariablyof yellowish virgin soil.The dead is either cremated or buried in an extended or flexedposition.The tomb furniture is always placed inside the cist.Among the pottery are thedouble-loped vase,handled vase,high-necked vase,stemmed vessel,handled cup,bowl,yu-vase and whorls.The bronzes consist of the yüeh-axe,sword,ko-halberd,helmet orna-ments,buttoms,circular buttom-like ornaments,belt hooks,shield ornaments(?),plaques andpan liang coins.Among the iron objects are the iron sword with bronze hilt,axe,spear-head,knife,and saw blade.In addition to a gold neck ornament and a silver vambrace thereare beads of glass and serpentine,stone rings,a bone ornament and some boar tusks.Insome cases remains of hemp cloth can be seen on the skeleton.In one case the spaceunder the skull is spread with millet.The authors are of the opinion that these tombs date from about the second centuryB.C.Their owners were probably herders who also engaged in some farming but theywere distinct from the Ch'iang people now inhabiting the area.The duration of theirsettlement was not long and the area they occupied was also rather small.However,ar-chaeologists are still unable to find out where they came from and how they disappeared.Judging by the remains found in the tombs,they were probably related to the tribes inha-biting the region of modern Kansu and Chinghai in antiquity and might have exertedsome influences on the ancient cultures of Tung-sun-pa in Pahsien,Szechwan and Shih-chaishan in Tsingning,Yunnan.
出处
《考古学报》
1973年第2期41-60,160-166,共27页
Acta Archaeologica Sinica
