摘要
一个人从诞生起,终其一生都在学习,尤其是学生。学校“以学为主”,学生的主要任务便是学习,大中小学诸阶段的学生概不例外。学生通过学习才能掌握词汇与语法,进行习作;掌握数学的概念与法则,进行运算。学生还学习别的东西。偏好和偏见,抱负和懒散,都是通过学习的过程而获得的。心理学家对此作了比较广泛而详细的研究。罗伯脱·加涅(1916—)是当今美国第一流的教育心理学家。
Robert M. Gagné, a leading American educational psychologist, expounds his views on a scientific approach to human learning. He places a marked emphasis on learning and states that there are many different kinds of learning. In particular, the notion of a hierarchical learning sequence provides an extremely useful and convincing model of school learning. The rational constitution of the phases of an act of learning is accorded considerable prominence.Great effort has been made to provide a balanced treatment of two major contrasting zoth century families of learning theory. Nevertheless, Gagné's sympathy lies with the connectionist theory. And to some extent, the influence of traditional and mechanical view of Behaviorism is reflected in his approach—it is well worth close attenton.
