摘要
本文对有关特殊疑问句的几个重要问题进行了较全面的总结和介绍。如特殊疑问词的解释、WH-词和量词的关系、在原位的WH-词和逻辑式移动的关系、多项WH-疑问句的研究和WH-词的功能特征等。
Wh-question has been a fascinating research topic ever since modern linguistics came into being,litef^s based on evidence from cross-linguistic analyses in this area are too many tO list. The studies ofWb-queshons in Chinese syntax, which is our primary concern, are believed to have originated in Huang,James. --C.T (1982a, 1982b) since he puts forward his ingenious proposal 'move WH in a language withoutWH-movement' and claims that Chinese WH-questions provide a strong case for the justification ofPOstulating LF movement, hence for the level of LF itselL The present icicle gives a comprehensive surveyof those issues in the studies of WH-questions, with emphasis on WH-questions in Chinese in particular.Different proPOsals are introduced to present studies on each issue in an objective manneLThe Present article is divided into five pats' Pad One centers on the non- intermgative use of WHwords in Chinese. In this par't, we first introduce the licensing conditions of non-intermgative WH-words inChinese, Chinese WH-words, like its counterpal'ts in Japanese, are not inherently interrogative (Aoun & Li,1993b; Nishigauchi, 1991). The differences between the WH-words in the two languages lie in the fact that anon-tilt^gative interpretation of WH-words in Japanese rests on the pwticle that c-commands them andWH-words are variables unselectively bound by par'ticles in the language. WH-words in Chinese, howevef,can be interpreted as an indefinite only when they are associated with licensers in affective environments(Huang,1982, Cheng, 1991; Li, 1992; Aoun & Li, 1993b), i.e. negation, yes-no queshon, A-not-A question,if-clause, 'don', and according to Huang(1982) and Cheng(1991), some non-f active verbs. Lin (1996, 1998)Provides a comprehensive survey and generalization of the distribution of non-intermgative existential WHPhraSes in Chinese that behave like POledty items. He divides the POlarity WH-phrases intO three ldnds,group A: negation, question and d-clause; group B: epistedric modality environment; group C: some sort offutUre environment. These different environments seem to decrease in their strength for poledty licensingand the decreasing strength seems to correspond to an increasing need for the existential POlallty WHphrases (EPW) to be accompanied by a classifier such as ge and dian. He argues that the distributions ofEPW are subject to a Non- Entai I ment-of--Ex istence Condition on EPWs to the effect that the localProPOsihon in which they appear does not entail existence of individuals satisfying their description. Cheng& Huang (1996) observes that WH-phrases are also unselectively bound in donkey sentences in Chinese.They claim that there exists a nice correspondence between two sentence types and two strategies, namelythat the 'wb. ..wb' constr'Uction employs the unselective binding strategy only, while the mpuo 'if' and den'all' conditionals use the E-type pronoun strategy. They also claim that there is a complementary distribuhonbetWeen bare conditionals and ruguO/dou conditionals in the sense that the former only allow a WH-word intheir consequent clause, while the latter do not allow a WH-word in their consequent clause, but allow all theother NP forms, e.g.(empty) pronouns and definite NPs. Pan & Jiang(1997) POint out that some of Cheng &Huang's arguments and their evidence have not been seriously examined against the factS of Chinese, theyblue that neither the nice correspondence nor the complementary distribution exists: Both non-wu-wordsand WH-words can appear in the consequent clause of the bare conditional and the ruguO/dou conditional,and either strstegy can be employed to intel'Pret wu-words and pronouns in both sentence types. Theyfulther demonstrate that indefinite WH-words behave similarly to other indefinites, allowing all the readingsan indefiaite NP usually has, so it is not surprising that the pronoun and WH-words in the consequent clauseof a condihonal can be interpreted as a bound variable as well as an E-type pronoun, since their antecedent, aWH-word, can be interpreted as either existential or
出处
《现代外语》
CSSCI
北大核心
1999年第1期75-107,共33页
Modern Foreign Languages
