摘要
有关儿童液态智力 (fluidintelligence)发展的年龄特征早已有了较明确的一致性结论。然而 ,儿童液态智力发展的机制问题到现在仍知之甚少。早期零星的研究观察到 ,随着儿童年龄的增长 ,其信息加工速度变快 ,工作记忆能力和液态智力亦提高。由此可推测 ,对儿童液态智力与加工速度、工作记忆能力关系的考察有助于阐明儿童液态智力发展的机制问题。 近 1 0多年已有不少研究分别探讨了液态智力与加工速度、液态智力与工作记忆的关系 ,并已开始同时探讨液态智力与加工速度和工作记忆的关系。但令人惊讶的是 ,有关儿童液态智力发展与加工速度、工作记忆关系问题的综合探讨几成空白 ,到目前为止 ,仅有极少量的研究 (Fry和Hale,1 996 ;Miller和Vernon ,1 996 )探讨了这一问题 ,其中Fry和Hale (1 996 )还提出了一个模型 (thedevelopmentalcascademodel)试图解释儿童液态智力发展的机制 ,随后Fry和Hale (2 0 0 0 )进一步阐明并坚持了这一观点。Fry和Hale的观点是 ,儿童液态智力的发展取决于儿童工作记忆能力的发展 ,而工作记忆能力的发展又进一步取决于儿童信息加工速度能力的发展。这就是说 ,加工速度和工作记忆是儿童液态智力发展的两个关键因素 ,其中加工速度又是第一作用因素。Fry和Hale (1 996 ,2 0 0 0 )
This study recruited 243 children ranging from 10 to 18 years of age to investigate the role of working memory and processing speed in the development of fluid intelligence. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling indicated that there are strong correlations between working memory, processing speed and fluid intelligence constructs. However, nearly all of the age related improvements in fluid intelligence are accounted for by developmental changes in working memory, which also greatly account for the magnitude of age related increase in processing speed. Moreover, age related increases in speed don't mediate age related improvements in fluid intelligence directly or indirectly when the role of working memory in the development of fluid intelligence has been considered. The results suggested that children's working memory underlies the development of fluid intelligence while processing speed may be related to individual differences in fluid intelligence.
出处
《心理学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2004年第4期464-475,共12页
Acta Psychologica Sinica
基金
ProjectsupportedbygrantsfromNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina ( 3 0 2 0 0 0 82 )andtheFoundationfortheAuthorofNationalExcellentDoctoralDissertationofPRChina ( 2 0 0 0 0 6)
关键词
液态智力
加工速度
工作记忆
儿童
fluid intelligence, processing speed, working memory, children.
