摘要
“律词”的概念,虽由洛地先生最早提出,但反观清代以来研究词谱、词律的著作,均以论平仄、明用韵、严四声讨论词体.平仄,即本自唐代定型的近体诗格律.又因为偶言在宋人慢词中的大量使用,格律至词已不再专为奇言设定,而是涵盖了包括偶言在内的一切句式.南宋始称词集为“诗余”,其义有二:词源于诗;词具备诗未尝具备的体式.这种体式上的继承性突破,使中国古典韵文进入到一个无论奇偶言均可有其声律规范的、空前成熟的新高度.惟其如此,宋词才最终得以在文体上与唐诗分庭相见.以律句的构成规律为根基研究词体,可免落入大量同调异体存疑词谱的窠臼.以白石自度曲为例证进行律句研究,可打破词为音乐文学的传统认知,还词以其本来之文学体性.
Although the concept of“Metrical Ci Poetry”was first proposed by Master Lodee,to take the reverse into consideration,all studies since the Qing Dynasty,upon collections fOr“Tunes of Ci poems”.as well as the strict tonal patterns&rhyme schemes,were discussing without exception,the styles of Ci poems in every respect such as Level and Oblique tones,Rhyme,and the disfiuguish upon fotll"tones of classical Chinese phonetics.The Level and Oblique tones were originated from the“Modern Style”of Chinese CIassical Poetry stereotyped since the Tang Dynasty.Furthermore,the large scale use of even sentences in long Ci poems、with slow thythms during the Song Dynasty caused the metrical laws being no longer specifically set only for odd sentences。but also covering a11 even sentences.Authors in Southern Song Dynasty began to call Collections of Ci poems as“Poetries beyond Metrical Verses”,thus had two meanings:First of all,ci poems were derived from Metrical Verses;On the other hand,Ci poems were provided with styles never been possessed by Metrical verses.Such inherited breakthrough of the literature style,push the Chinese Classical verse on to an unprecedented height,that either odd or even sentences could have metrical model.Only then,the Ci poems of Song Dynasty could equally stand up to Poetries of the Tang Dynasty according to the literature styles eventually.The research of the Ci style should be based on the constitution criteria of metrical sentences,so as to avoid the embarrass that a 1arge number of C,poems were not properly assigned to differem patterns under t11e same llama of the tune.Meanwhile。a metrical sentences-study taking Jiang Baishi’S self-composed musical Ci poetries for instances,may thoroughly break the fiction which regards Ci poems as musical literature patterns,thus restoring the original literary characteristics of the Ci poems in Song Dynasty.
出处
《古代文学理论研究》
CSSCI
2018年第2期365-385,共21页
Studies of Ancient Chinese Literary Theory
基金
2012年度国家社科基金西部项目《<白石道人歌曲>十七谱艺术形式研究》(项目编号:12XZW011)
2011年度湖北省教育厅人文社科一般项目《南宋雅词的道路与结局——从姜夔到西湖吟社》(项目编号:2011jyty074).
关键词
词体
律句
白石自度曲
摊(偷)声
添(减)步
the 1iterature style of Ci poems
metrical sentences
Jiang Baishi’s self-composed musical Ci poetries
the rhythm addition and subtraction
the feet addition and subtraction
