1Sandlow JI. Do varicocele really affect male infertility? Fertil Steril 2004; 2(1): 219-221.
2Zhong H, De Marzo AM, Laughner E, et al. Overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha in common human cancers and their metastases. Cancer Res 1999; 59(22): 5830-5835.
3Lee JD, Jeng SY, Lee TH. Increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha in the internal spermatic vein of patients with varicocele. J Urol 2006; 175(3 Pt 1): 1045-1048.
4Kilinc F, Kayaselcuk F, Aygun C, et al. Experimental varicocele induces hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor expression and angiogenesis in the rat testis. J Urol 2004; 172(3): 1188-1191.
5Huckins C. The morphology and kinetics of spermatogonial degeneration in normal adult rats: an analysis using a simplified classification of the germinal epithelium. Anat Rec 1978; 190(4): 905-926.
6Fujisawa M, Hiramine C, Tanaka H, et al, Decrease in apoptosis of germ cells in the testes of infertile men with varicocele. World J Urol 1999; 17(5): 296-300.
7Benoff SH, Millan C, Hurley IR, et al. Bilateral increased apoptosis and bilateral accumulation of cadmium in infertile men with left varicocele. Hum Reprod 2004; 19(3): 616-627.
8Barqawi A, Caruso A, Meacham RB. Experimental varicocele induces testicular germ cell apoptosis in the rat. J Urol 2004; 171(1): 501-503.
9Chen CH, Lee SS, Chen DC, etal. Apoptosis and kinematics of ejaculated spermatozoa in patients with varicocele. J Androl 2004; 25(3): 348-353.
10Kilic M, Kasperczyk H, Eulda S, et al. Role of hypoxia inducible factor- 1 alpha in modulation of apoptosis resistance. Oncogene 2007; 26(14): 2027-2038.
