摘要
短语"唱喏"的词汇化是唱喏礼的仪式化导致"唱喏"在历史文献中高频出现的结果.唱喏礼始于东晋,发展于隋唐五代以及北宋和南宋初中期,从南宋中期起逐渐蜕变为单纯的身体姿势礼而不伴发"喏"声(即哑揖).在词汇化高级阶段,复合词"唱喏"经历词形简化而演变成"喏".如果单纯对比演变输入项和输出项,则会得出"喏"从表示应答的叹词演变为表示扬声致敬的言语行为动词的结论.但如果关注演变过程,则会发现"喏"的上述演变是借腹生子式演变,借助了跟"唱"的组合才实现的.在其词汇化期间和之后,"唱喏"经历了如下语义演变:出声应答>(见面)行礼时扬声致敬>行揖礼/(文官升堂/退堂、武官升帐/散帐、显贵出行/归来时)从人齐发喏声以示威并呵退闲杂人等."唱喏"的词汇化表现在句法可变性降低上.
The lexicalization of Changre(唱喏)from a phrase to a verb is motivated by the ritualization of Changre Li,a social etiquette to exchange pleasantries by making a bow with hands folded and extended in front while saying“re”to addressee.Changre Li originated in Eastern Jin,developed from the Sui,Tang,and the Five dynasties to Northern Song dynasty and the initial stage of Southern Song dynasty.It became a simple body posture ceremony without accompanying speech act at middle of Southern Song dynasty.At the highest stage,Changre(唱喏)as a compound word was reduced to Re(喏).Comparing the source and the result of lexicalization,we will conclude that喏changed from an injection to a speech act verb with the following phonetic change:Nuo>Re.However,if we attend to the change process,the change mentioned above Nuo/Re(喏)experienced is closely related to the lexicalization of Changre(唱喏)from a phrase to a compound word.Historically,Changre(唱喏)experienced the following semantic change:respond to others’calling,order,etc.by saying Nuo>exchange pleasantries by Zuoyi(作揖,i.e.,making a bow with hands folded and extended in front)while saying Re(喏)to addressee>exchange pleasantries by Zuoyi(作揖)/when an officer,a military commander,or an eminent person begin or end a trial in a court,a military meeting in a tent,or a tour of inspection,repectively,his attendants display stately manner and drive away bystanders by shouting Re(喏)collectively.The lexicalization of Changre(唱喏)gave rise to decrease of its syntactic variability.
出处
《汉语史学报》
2023年第1期82-100,共19页
Journal of Chinese Language History
基金
江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重大项目“面向历史语用学理论和方法探索的近代汉语语用研究”(项目号:2022SJZD125)
江苏高校青蓝工程的资助
关键词
唱喏
语义演变
词汇化
Changre(唱喏)
semantic change
lexicalization
作者简介
张秀松,通信地址:江苏省徐州市铜山区上海路101号江苏师范大学文学院,邮编:221116,E-mail:zxs199691@163.com
