摘要
「X+過ぎる」与"过于+X"均为日汉语表达"过量"的句法形式,在X的词性选择上却存在差异。本文基于日汉语料库中的书面语语料,通过对比分析X的词性分布以及X为动词时的语义特征和语用功能,尝试明晰「過ぎる」和"过于"句式的异同,探索由此反映出的日汉语的共性与差异。研究发现,「過ぎる」与动词共现的比例要高于汉语,"过于"与形容词共现的比例却高于日语。该倾向产生的原因有三:一是日语存在大量「連用修飾成分+動詞+過ぎる」句式;二是在词性分类上,日语注重形态特征,汉语注重语义功能;三是日语「動詞+過ぎる」中动词的语义范畴更为丰富。此外,研究表明日汉语都极易与及物动词和非宾格动词结合,且呈现出相似的动词语义选择倾向。但是日语「過ぎる」能够统摄的语义范畴更广,能够积极地吸收并转化句中各个词类所表达的程度义;而汉语"过于"能够统摄的语义范畴较窄,只能够吸收紧跟在"过于"后面的形容词、动词本身所具备的程度义。
“X+sugiru(過ぎる)”and“guoyu(过于)+X”are both syntactic forms expressing“excess”in Japanese and Chinese,but there are differences in the choice of parts of speech of X.Based on the written language in Japanese and Chinese corpus,this paper attempts to clarify the similarities and differences between“X+sugiru”and“guoyu+X”by comparing the part of speech distribution of X and the semantic features&pragmatic functions when X is a verb.It is found that the co-occurrence ratio of“sugiru”and verbs is higher than that of Chinese,but the co-occurrence ratio of“guoyu”and adjectives is higher than that of Japanese.There are three reasons for this tendency:first,there are a large number of“adj/adv+verb+sugiru”sentence patterns in Japanese;Second,in terms of part of speech classification,Japanese emphasizes morphological features and Chinese lays stress on semantic functions;Third,the semantic categories of verbs in“verb+sugiru”are richer.In addition,the study shows that both“sugiru”and“guoyu”are easy to combine with transitive verbs and unaccusative verbs,and shows a similar semantic preference for the choice of verb types.However,“sugiru”can dominate a wider range of semantic categories,and can actively absorb or transform the gradable meaning expressed by various parts of speech in the sentences;“guoyu”can only absorb the gradable meaning of adjectives and verbs immediately after it.
出处
《高等日语教育》
2021年第2期130-142,165-166,共15页
Advanced Japanese Language Education
基金
北京外国语大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目“基于口语语料的汉日语态选择对比研究”(项目批准号:2021JJ011)的专项资金资助
关键词
过于
過ぎる
语料库
日汉对比
词性分类
sugiru(過ぎる)
guoyu(过于)
corpus study
Japanese-Chinese comparison
part of speech classification
作者简介
陈冬姝,通讯地址:(100089)北京市西三环北路2号北京外国语大学北京日本学研究中心,电子邮箱:chen.ds@bfsu.edu.cn
