摘要
故宫博物院收藏的崇庆皇太后《万寿图》卷,描绘了乾隆十六年时皇太后六旬大庆前夕,皇太后在乾隆皇帝的侍卫下由畅春园返回紫禁城时,沿途几十里迎驾的景象。本文在对画卷释读的基础上,论证了图中皇家仪仗的区别,特别是皇帝卤簿的等级,进而探讨庆典的历史背景、经费物料与画卷的绘画进程。指出皇太后六旬庆典在乾隆皇帝的亲自指挥下,规格最高,盛况空前,而该画卷不仅是皇太后三次万寿大庆绘图中最为详尽者,而且与康熙、乾隆万寿图卷相比,又是仅存的原本。是后人研究乾隆朝历史,尤其是宫廷礼制的重要图像资料,其中超逸于制度之外,却没有见诸文字记载的画面,更加彰显出图文互补的重要历史价值。
The Empress Dowager Chongqing’s Birthday Celebration scroll in the Palace Museum collection depicts the scene of welcoming crowds along the several dozen li-long route the Empress Dowager travelled shortly before his sixtiethbirthday,from the Garden of Joyful Spring(Changchun yuan)back to the Forbidden City,with the Qianlong Emperor’s(r.1736-1795)company.On the basis of interpreting the painting,this article demonstrates the differences regarding the imperial honor guards,especially the hierarchical ranking of the Emperor’s honor guards(lubu),so as to discuss the historical background,logistics,and the process of creating this painting.It points out that the celebratory event enjoyed the highest esteem and the grandest scale under the personal supervision of the Qianlong Emperor.This painting is not only the most detailed copy among those recording three occasions of the Empresses Dowager’s birthday celebrations,but,in comparison with those depicting the birthdays of the Kangxi Emperor(r.1662-1722)and the Qianlong Emperor,it is the only extant original copy.It provides important visual reference for later generation of scholars who study the history,court rituals in particular,of the Qianlong reign.As for the content of the painting,the depiction of those details that do not fall into the institutional framework or match text records are proof of the exceptional historical value of the complementary nature of text and visual records.
出处
《故宫学刊》
2020年第1期-,共24页
Journal of Gugong Studies
关键词
万寿庆典
点景
卤簿
仪驾
金辇
经费物料
Birthday celebration
Dianjing
Honor guard(lubu)
Instrument rack
Golden carriage
Funds and logistics
