摘要
黄釉瓷是中国古陶瓷发展史上非常重要的单色釉品种,从明初至清末一直均有烧造,是历史上最重要的“供御”瓷器之一。然而,明清宫廷黄釉瓷器的釉料配方、成分、釉层颜色特点和发展脉络及其影响因素等尚待进一步研究;此外,在修复保护宫廷黄釉瓷器时还缺乏量化的科学数据和标准。鉴于此,本文以故宫博物院文物资料、故宫南大库出土及景德镇御窑厂遗址出土的54片明清两代12朝黄釉瓷器样品为研究对象,利用能量色散X射线荧光光谱仪、光学显微镜、分光光度计等多种分析手段,对宫廷黄釉瓷进行了测试与研究。本文不仅梳理了明清两代宫廷黄釉瓷器釉层结构、成分、颜色的特点及发展脉络,还探究了釉色的影响因素,重点揭示了明代弘治娇黄釉的特点。总之,本工作可为明清黄釉瓷器的修复保护、鉴定研究以及仿复制提供科学数据和参考标准。
Yellow-glazed porcelain is a very important monochromatic glaze variety in the history of ancient Chinese ceramics.It was continuously fired from the beginning of the Ming dynasty(1368-1644)to the end of the Qing dynasty(1644-1911),and is one of the most important porcelains“commissioned by the imperial court”(gongyu)in history.However,its formula,composition,color characteristics of the glaze layer,development context and influencing factors still need to be further studied.In addition,quantitative scientific data and standards are still wanting for its restoration and preservation.In view of this,combined with materials collected by the Palace Museum,fifty-four porcelain samples from twelve reigns of the two dynasties unearthed from the Forbidden City’s South Storage(Nan daku)site and that of the Jingdezhen Imperial Porcelain Manufactory are analyzed using multiple analytical methods such as energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer,optical microscope,and spectrophotometer.Not only the characteristics and development of the glaze’s layer structure,composition,color are sorted out,but also the influencing factors of glaze color explored.In particular,the characteristics of the yellow glaze of the Hongzhi period(r.1488-1505)are revealed.In short,this work provides scientific data and reference standards for the restoration,preservation,authentication,and reproduction of the Ming and the Qing yellow-glazed porcelain.
作者
侯佳钰
江建新
邬书荣
江小民
李合
康葆强
冀洛源
Hou Jiayu;Jiang Jianxin;Wu Shurong;Jiang Xiaomin;Li He;Kang Baoqiang;Ji Luoyuan
出处
《故宫学刊》
2022年第1期468-480,共13页
Journal of Gugong Studies
基金
故宫博物院科研课题项目(KT2018-13)的资助
关键词
宫廷黄釉
弘治娇黄釉
成分
釉色
imperial yellow-glazed porcelain
yellow glaze of the Hongzhi reign
composition
glaze color
