摘要
贫困问题是对以色列国家和社会发展进程产生重要影响的难题。当前,以色列社会群体分化比较明显,贫困问题逐渐凸显。部分极端正统派犹太人群体、以色列阿拉伯人群体、大屠杀幸存者群体、失业者群体构成了以色列社会主要的贫困群体。为了回应公众压力并保障国民的基本生活,以色列政府通过转移支付和税收调节的方式向贫困人口提供养老、医疗、教育、失业等社会保险;鼓励自由市场竞争,降低包括住房在内的生活成本;推动以职业培训和提高劳动参与率为基本内容的就业促进政策;发挥慈善团体的社会救助功能。当前的贫困治理对缓解贫困率和提高人民的幸福指数有积极的促进作用,但以色列社会长期存在的宗教群体与世俗群体、犹太人与阿拉伯人之间的鸿沟制约着贫困问题的有效解决。
Poverty is an economic and political problem that has an important impact on Israel’s national and social development process.At present,the social group differentiation is obvious in the Israel,and the poverty is becoming more and more prominent.Correspondingly,the poverty problem mainly arises from the ultra Orthodox Jewish groups,Israeli Arab groups,Holocaust survivors and unemployed groups in Israel.In order to respond to public pressure,the Israeli government mainly provides poor people with social insurance in various aspects such as pension,medical care,education,unemployment,etc.;transfer payments and tax adjustments to protect the basic lives of citizens;encourage free market competition to reduce the cost of living including housing costs;promote employment policies based on vocational training and increasing labor participation rates;give full play to the social assistance function of charities.The current poverty governance has a positive effect on reducing the poverty rate and improving the happiness index of the people,but the long-standing gap between religious and secular groups,Jew s and Arabs in Israeli society restricts the further solution of the poverty problem.
作者
邓燕平
DENG Yanping(School of History,Zhengzhou University.)
出处
《阿拉伯世界研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第5期94-109,159-160,共18页
Arab World Studies
基金
2015年度国家社科基金重大项目“犹太通史”(15ZDB060)
2019年度江苏省高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目“纳粹大屠杀话语的‘美国化’研究”(2019SJA0828)的阶段性成果
作者简介
邓燕平,郑州大学历史学院世界史专业2018级博士研究生(郑州450001)。
