摘要
观众研究是博物馆学的一个重要领域。通过对观众展开研究和评估,能够为博物馆各项工作的开展提供依据和指导。博物馆界对观众研究的重视程度与其对博物馆职能的认知息息相关。长期以来,教育被视为博物馆的首要职能。但是,随着博物馆社会角色的变化,观众利用博物馆的方式日趋多元化,博物馆逐渐被赋予"休闲场所"的标签。在国内博物馆免费开放政策和文旅融合政策逐步推行的背景下,如何更好地满足观众日益增长的休闲需求,成为博物馆人正在面对的重要问题。观众研究的思路也应该进行相应调整。本文认为,当博物馆的主要职能由"教育"走向"教育+休闲"时,观众研究的思路也应在关注观众学习的基础上向观众的整体体验倾斜,从研究观众的参观动机和需求入手,在理论和实践层面实现博物院观众研究的现实价值。
The study of visitors is an important aspect of museology, which could provide basis and guidance for all museum work. The importance that museum circle attaches to visitor studies is closely related to the understanding of museum functions. Education has long been considered the primary function of museums. However, with the changes in the museum’s social role, the ways in which visitors experience museums have become more diverse, and museums have gradually been given the label of "leisure places". With the gradual implementation of the policy of free opening in Chinese museums and the integration of culture and tourism, how to better meet the growing leisure needs of visitors has become an important issue for museum personnel, and the approach of visitor studies should also be adjusted accordingly. This article points out that when the main function of the museum changes from "education" to "education and leisure", the focus of visitor studies should also shift from the visitors’ acquisition to their overall experience. It is necessary to study visitors’ motivations and needs and therefore to realize the realistic value of the museum visitor studies at both the theoretical and practical level.
出处
《博物馆管理》
2020年第1期75-81,共7页
Museum Management
关键词
观众研究
休闲职能
教育职能
参观动机与需求
文旅融合
Visitor studies
leisure function
educational function
visitors’ motivations and needs
integration of culture and tourism
