摘要
创业初期,受社会资本不足约束,创业者普遍面临严重的市场新进入缺陷,表现为创业所需技能匮乏的无知缺陷和市场主体合法性缺失。而"关系"的存在能够有效弥补创业者的市场新进入缺陷。对建筑业工人创业做包工头实践过程的研究发现,通过"干中学",包工头能够获得创业所需的先验经验和隐性知识,从而解决"无知缺陷";通过"选择性依附"的形式,可以有效解决市场主体合法性缺失带来的市场嵌入困境。通过"干中学"和"选择性依附"的形式实现创业和市场嵌入,使包工头能够在社会资本不足的情况下迅速实现创业,并降低创业失败的风险。体现了包工头创业的主动性与创造性。通过干中学获得同行业或相近行业创业经验,通过选择性依附嵌入同样的市场环境,使得建筑业包工头的创业在行业类别、创业过程、模式等方面表现出极强的同质性。其创业也表现出明显的"关系型"创业的特点,且具有一定的路径依赖和模式复制性。但路径依赖与创业复制并未明显降低创业者的创业效率和绩效。关系弥补了创业者的创业初始缺陷,也能够帮助创业者抵御市场嵌入风险,也形成了群体性创业、地区集群性创业的网络化模式。对于农民工创业具有经验借鉴意义。
In the early days of entrepreneurship,due to the lack of social capital constraints,entrepreneurs generally face serious new market entry defects,like the performance of the lack of skills required for ignorance and the lack of market players lack of legitimacy.However,the existence of“relationship”can effectively make up for the new entry into the market.The study of the practice of contractors in the construction industry has found that through the“learning by doing”,the contractor can obtain the a priori experience and tacit knowledge necessary for the venture to solve the“ignorance”;and through“selective attachment”The form of the market can effectively solve the lack of legitimacy of the market caused by the embedded market difficulties.Through the“learning by doing”and“selective attachment”in the form of entrepreneurship and market embedding,so that contractors in the case of social capital in the case of rapid start-up and reduce the risk of entrepreneurial failure.Which embodies the initiative and creativity of the contractor.Its business also shows a clear“relationship”entrepreneurial characteristics,and has a certain path dependence and pattern replication.
作者
谷玉良
GU Yuliang(Business Department of Hunan Normal University,ChangSha,410081)
出处
《中国农村研究》
2020年第2期289-306,共18页
China Rural Studies
基金
湖南师范大学基地项目“海外华人商会对接‘一带一路’发展的路径与模式研究”。
关键词
干中学
选择性依附
农民工
关系型创业
learning by doing
selective attachment
peasant workers
Relational Entrepreneurship
作者简介
谷玉良,男,山东枣庄人,湖南师范大学公共管理学院社会学系讲师,硕士生导师,主要研究方向为人口社会学、社会治理。
