摘要
垂直专业化分工模式的发展和信息通信技术的进步,对世界各国的劳动力市场产生了重要影响。继欧美发达经济体之后,中国劳动力市场也出现了工资极化现象。有鉴于此,本文扩展了李嘉图工作任务模型,分析承接离岸外包、常规任务偏向型技术进步以及承接离岸外包引致的技术外溢效应对工资结构的影响。实证检验的结果表明:(1)承接离岸外包主要通过提升高技能劳动力生产率这一途径引致工资极化;(2)常规任务偏向型技术进步同样导致工资极化,并且其对高技能劳动力工资增长的促进作用比低技能劳动力更大;(3)高技能、中高技能和低技能劳动力的中介效应显著,表明承接离岸外包通过技术溢出效应进一步加剧了工资极化。因此,政府部门应关注职业供需动向,积极开展职业技能培训,不仅有助于中国尽快实现国际产业价值链的攀升,而且有助于中国劳动力市场工资结构的优化。
The development of vertical specialization and the advancement of information and communication technologies have tremendously affected labor markets around the world.Following developed economies,China has also seen wage polarization in the labor market.The paper introduces offshore undertaking into the Ricardo model of Acemoglu and Autor(2011).Through theoretical deduction,it explains the impact of offshore undertaking,routine-biased technological change and technology spillover caused by offshore undertaking on the wage structure.The results are as below.(1)By increasing the productivity of high-skilled labor,offshore undertaking leads to wage polarization.(2)Routine-biased technological change can lead to wage polarization,and its impact on the high-skilled groups is higher than on low-skilled groups,which is consistent with the capital-skill complementarity hypothesis.(3)The intermediate effect of high-skill occupations,middle-and high-skill occupations and low-skill occupations is significant,indicating that offshore undertaking has further intensified wage polarization through the technology spillover effect.Therefore,the government should pay attention to the trend of supply and demand of occupations,and organize training programs.The above-mentioned measures will not only help China fulfill the ascent on the international industrial value chain,but also help improve the wage structure of China’s labor market.
作者
刘廷宇
张世伟
刘达禹
LIU Tingyu;ZHANG Shiwei;LIU Dayu(Jilin University,130015)
出处
《财贸经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第2期149-164,共16页
Finance & Trade Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“人工智能等新技术对就业的影响和对策研究”(20BJY051)
作者简介
通讯作者:刘廷宇,吉林大学商学院博士研究生,130015,电子邮箱:835906372@qq.com;张世伟,吉林大学商学院院长、教授,130015;刘达禹,吉林大学商学院副教授、博士,130015。
