摘要
随着自然和社会系统发展日趋复杂,灾害发生的频率和种类都在增加,避难场所如何科学选址一直是备受关注的问题。阐述了避难场所选址的基本原则,对多目标约束的避难场所选址模型进行梳理,发现避难场所选址以实现疏散距离最小化目标为主,并综合考虑了需求覆盖范围、建设成本、避难场所容量等目标及其约束条件。随后总结了多目标约束的避难场所选址模型的优化算法及其实践应用。最后,从避难者特征、多灾种应对及大数据应用等方面对避难场所选址研究进行展望,以期为今后我国避难场所研究和规划实践提供借鉴。
With the complexity of natural and social systems,the types and frequency of disasters are increasing.How to select shelter sites properly has always been a concern problem.Firstly,the basic principles of the shelter location are combed.Next,by combing the multi-objective models with constraint conditions of shelter location,it is found that the shelter location is mainly based on the objective of minimizing evacuation distance,and comprehensively considers the coverage,construction cost,shelter capacity and other objectives and their constraints.Then,the optimization algorithm and application of these models are summarized.At last,in order to improve the research and planning practice of the shelter location,the research on the shelter location is prospected from the characteristics of refugees,types of disasters and application of big data.
出处
《城市问题》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第3期107-114,共8页
Urban Problems
基金
江苏省社科基金青年项目(20ZZC001)——“治理现代化视域下公共安全风险治理研究”
关键词
避难场所选址
多目标模型
约束条件
优化算法
shelter location
multi-objective model
constraint condition
optimization algorithm
作者简介
李文静(1991—),女,安徽合肥人,南京大学建筑与城市规划学院博士研究生,安徽大学商学院讲师,研究方向为城市公共安全与防灾;翟国方(1964—),男,江苏江阴人,南京大学建筑与城市规划学院教授,博士,博士研究生导师,研究方向为城市公共安全;陈伟(1986—),男,江苏宿迁人,南京邮电大学地理与生物信息学院讲师,博士,研究方向为城市防灾减灾与公共安全。
