摘要
准确观测云和降水的微物理特征是理解云降水物理过程的关键。由气象气球搭载测量仪器升空进行现场探测是获取云和降水粒子微物理特征的有效方式,其作为机载云降水粒子测量设备的补充手段,在现场测量中发挥着越来越重要的作用。根据现有球载云降水粒子探测器工作原理的差异,将其分为碰撞取样式、直接成像式、光学散射式、光强衰减式和电荷测量式探测器。总结了典型仪器的工作原理、关键技术和主要优缺点;简要介绍了其在云层精细结构获取、云参数遥感方法建立、云降水物理过程研究和参数化以及雷暴云的科学观测等方面的应用;最后,对球载云降水粒子探测器的发展趋势进行了展望,为开展相关技术研究和设备研制提供参考。
The accurate observation of the microphysical structure of cloud and precipitation plays an important role in understanding the formation of clouds and precipitation. In-situ measurement using measuring instruments carried by meteorological balloons is an effective way to obtain the microphysical properties of cloud and precipitation particles,which is a supplementary means for aircraft to observe cloud and precipitation particles. This observation method plays a more and more important role in in-situ measurement. According to the difference of the working principle of the existing balloon-borne cloud and precipitation particles probes,the detectors can be divided into particle impact-sampling sensors, particle imaging sensors, light-scattering sensors,light intensity attenuation sensors and charge measurement sensors. The working principles,key technologies and main advantages and disadvantages of typical instruments were summarized, and their applications to detailed cloud structure acquisition,cloud remote sensing method establishment,cloud and precipitation physical process research and parameterization,and scientific observation of thunderstorm clouds were briefly introduced. Finally,the development trend of balloon-borne cloud precipitation particle detectors was prospected,which will provide reference for related technical research and equipment development.
作者
王鹏
刘磊
刘西川
胡帅
赵世军
姬文明
高太长
Wang Peng;Liu Lei;Liu Xichuan;Hu Shuai;Zhao Shijun;Ji Wenming;Gao Taichang(College of Meteorology and Oceanography,National University of Defense Technology,Nanjing 211101,China;National Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environment and Electro-optical Engineering,Nanjing 211101,China)
出处
《地球科学进展》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第7期704-714,共11页
Advances in Earth Science
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目“利用远红外—太赫兹波高光谱辐射反演冰云微物理参数”(编号:41875025)和“地基红外高光谱辐射仪和偏振激光雷达联合反演薄云微物理参数”(编号:41575024)资助
关键词
云粒子
降水粒子
原位测量
视频探空仪
球载测量仪器
Cloud particle
Precipitation particle
In-situ measurement
Videosonde
Balloon-borne measurement instruments
作者简介
王鹏(1996-),男,山东枣庄人,硕士研究生,主要从事大气物理学与大气环境研究,E-mail:wangpengqx@163.com;通信作者:刘磊(1983-),男,山东日照人,副教授,主要从事大气物理学与大气环境研究,E-mail:liuleidll@gmail.com
