摘要
经历了特定演变之后,不少词汇难以从字面直接推导其含义。这不仅阻碍理解,还因不了解演变机制,无法灵活把握这些词汇在具体语境中的意义变异。借助迄今库容最大的汉语语料库BCC,利用SPSS预测分析中的"自然对数"观察新词"高大上"在使用上的变化可发现,词汇演化中一些表达往往会压缩为更小单位的表达,属于"词义缩小"(王力,1980/2004),也是"今天的词法就是昨天的句法"(Givón,2015:25)的直接反映。这些经过跨范畴、级转移压缩而来的表达具有规律性的特点,在演变进程中可能存活,成为新的表达的起点,也有可能逐渐被遗忘。韩礼德的概念语法隐喻正是这类词汇演变现象背后的一条重要规律。
The meanings of some lexical expressions cannot be inferred from individual words in the expressions per se,which is a hindrance to communication,and the lack in understanding the mechanism of change behind them results in incapability of tackling the meaning variations.The theory of grammatical metaphor proposed by Halliday which aims to explain rankshifts and transcategorization in lexical change may serve as the mechanism behind some lexical changes.With BCC corpus and the natural logarithm in SPSS,we observed the use of“gāodàshàng”and found that a lot of groups in Chinese have been compressed(transcategorized or rankshifted)into lexical words and they belong to the type of“meaning narrowing”in Wang Li’s terms(Wang,1980/2004).It is also a direct reflection of“today’s morphology is yesterday’s syntax”(Givón,2015:25).The expressions rankshifted or transcategorized may survive in evolution and become new bases for further development,or they may be forgotten.Ideational grammatical metaphor is an important law for such lexical changes,which may also be used to explain lexical changes in other languages.
出处
《英语研究》
2021年第2期115-130,共16页
English Studies
基金
上海市浦江人才支持计划资助“在线医患交流中的语法隐喻研究”(18PJC082)的研究成果
关键词
词汇演变
语法隐喻
概念语法隐喻
lexical change
grammatical metaphor
ideational grammatical metaphor
作者简介
杨炳钧,男,上海交通大学外国语学院教授,博士,博导,主要从事语言及系统功能语法研究。
