摘要
20世纪60年代晚期开始,"多元文化主义"在欧美国家和其他一些多民族国家兴起并逐渐达到高潮,20世纪90年代以后逐渐回退。学界普遍认为,欧洲国家的移民治理模式主要有三种:一是以英国为代表的"多元文化主义"模式,二是以德国为代表的是"分化排斥模式",三是以法国为代表的"共和主义/同化模式"。除了遭受理论上的各种批判之外,"多元文化主义"在实践中也屡屡被宣告"失败"。面对复杂的移民融入和治理问题,学术界尝试跳出以往二元争论,积极寻求"平等"与"包容"相结合的各种新形式:自由多元文化主义、包容性多元文化主义、互动多元文化主义、后多元文化主义、协商普遍主义等。这些理论仍然面临众多理论和实践困境。但"既团结统一,又保持和尊重多样性"的欧洲社会仍然是有价值的努力方向。欧洲各国应根据自身情况积极推动深层次经济和社会改革,寻求合适的社会融合与治理模式。
Multiculturalism has gradually been recognized by European countries since the late 1960s and reached its peak in the 1990s.However,since the beginning of the 21st century,the various economic and social crises in Europe have made the multiculturalism interrupted.Merker,Sarkozy and some other European national leaders announced the“failure”of multiculturalism.Multiculturalism has also been attacked by different theories.However,some scholars have been trying to jump out of the endless binary debates to purchase the equality and tolerance in European societies.The European countries need deeper economic and social reforms and need to find more appropriate integration and governance modes.The European societies“united in diversity”are still worth effort.
基金
2019年教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“欧洲多元文化主义研究:困境与未来”(项目编号:19YJCZH233)的阶段性成果
关键词
多元文化主义
欧洲
移民融入
Multiculturalism
Europe
Integration of Migrants
作者简介
臧术美,华东师范大学国际关系与地区发展研究院副研究员。
