摘要
目的掌握陕西省农村饮用水卫生状况和变化趋势。方法于2015—2017年枯水期(3—5月)、丰水期(6—8月),采集陕西省农村饮水安全工程的出厂水、末梢水水样进行检测、分析和评价。结果共检测水样17340份,合格8424份,合格率为48.58%。三年饮用水的合格率由高至低依次为2016年>2017年>2015年,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=54.385,P<0.01)。2016、2017年枯水期水样的合格率均高于丰水期,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);而2015年间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同年度时出厂水与末梢水水样的合格率间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同供水方式水样的合格率依次为常规处理>仅消毒>未处理>沉淀过滤,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。总大肠菌群、菌落总数、氟化物、铬(六价)和硫酸盐的总合格率分别为64.45%,90.54%,93.65%,95.72%和95.57%,其余单项指标的合格率均高于97.00%。结论微生物指标合格率低与消毒设备配备不足有关,氟化物和六价铬的超标也应引起关注。
Objective To understand the hygienic status and trends of drinking water in rural areas of Shaanxi province.Methods During the dry season(March-May)and the wet season(June-August)from 2015 to 2017,the finished water and terminal water samples from the rural drinking water safety project in Shaanxi province were collected for analysis and evaluation.Results A total of 17340 water samples were tested and 8424 qualified,with a qualified rate of 48.58%.The qualified rate of drinking water for three years ranked as 2016>2017>2015,with significant difference(χ~2=54.385,P<0.01).The qualified rate in dry season in 2016 and 2017 was significantly higher than that in the wet season(P<0.01),in 2015 no significant difference was observed between dry season and wet season(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the qualified rate between the finished water and the terminal water sample in different years(P>0.05).The qualified rates of water samples with different water supply methods ranked as follows:conventional treatment>disinfection only>untreated>sedimentation filtration,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).The total qualified rates of total coliforms,total count of bacteria,fluoride,chromium(Ⅵ)and sulfate were 64.45%,90.54%,93.65%,95.72%and 95.57%respectively,other indexes above 97.00%.Conclusion In the past three years,low qualified rate of microbial indicators is associated with lower equipped rates of disinfection equipment in the rural drinking water safety projects in Shaanxi province,and more attention should be paid to fluoride and chromium(Ⅵ)contamination also.
作者
孟昭伟
张同军
雷佩玉
郑晶利
丁勇
常锋
MENG Zhao-wei;ZHANG Tong-jun;LEI Pei-yu;ZHENG Jing-li;DING Yong;CHANG Feng(Institute for Environmental Health Research and Evaluation,Shaanxi Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710054,China)
出处
《环境与健康杂志》
CAS
北大核心
2019年第8期736-738,共3页
Journal of Environment and Health
基金
陕西省科技资源开放共享平台项目-公共卫生检测监测服务平台(2016FWPT-12).
关键词
农村
饮用水
水质
调查研究
Rural area
Drinking water
Water quality
Health survey
作者简介
孟昭伟(1983-),男,主管医师,从事环境卫生研究;通讯作者:常锋,E-mail:laochang521@163.com
