摘要
地理学是历史的"眼睛",随着中世纪传统、地理发现与文本的不断融合,13—16世纪的绘制者们用一部目光的"航海史",展现出这一时期东西方海图观看方式的转变。本文从弗朗切斯科·匹兹加诺地图集(Francesco Pizigano Atlas)中两幅罕见的城市场景引入,指出此前被判定为"虚构"的城市景观实为一种视觉"错位",以一种来自"海上"的目光延伸出海图绘制由远及近的视野转变过程。除此之外,西方海图中的地理"文本"与东方海图的"针位注记"等还进一步展现出海上活动带来的动态视野,不仅使"海洋"得到前所未有的重视,更将目光投向紧邻水域的大陆边缘,使东西方海图的视觉焦点呈现出由中央到四方的演变,并延伸出一条朝向远方的跨洋航迹。
Geography is the"eye"of history.With the continuous integration of medieval tradition,geographical discovery and the text,cartographers from the 13 th to the 16 th century demonstrated a change in the way of viewing maritime charts in China and the west during this period with a"navigation history"of the eyes.This paper begins with two rare urban scenes in the Francesco Pizigano Atlas and points out that these urban scenes,previously defined as"imaginary",are actually a kind of visual"malposition"that stands for the transformation process from far to near with an extended vision from"sea".In addition,the geographical"text"in western charts and the"needleposition note"in oriental charts further unveil the dynamic view brought about by offshore activities,not only enabling"seas and oceans"to draw unprecedented attention but also focusing people’s attention on the continental margin close to water.This has resulted in the change in the visual focus of the Chinese and western charts from the center to the four directions and to extend out a transatlantic flight path towards distant regions.
作者
刘爽
Liu Shuang(Central Academy of Fine Arts)
出处
《湖南省博物馆馆刊》
2019年第1期53-63,共11页
Hunan Provincial Museum
关键词
世界地图
中西海图
寰宇图像
地志景观
world maps
Chinese and western maritime charts
images of the world
topographical landscape
