摘要
學界此前對梳篦的名稱和用字研究有進一步的討論空間,本文綜合利用考古實物、出土文獻和傳世文獻資料,對梳篦類器物先後使用過的四個不同名稱“■”“櫛”“梳”“篦”及其用字的發展演變過程進行深入描寫。“■”和“櫛”在商周時期主要用作統稱,“梳”和“篦”在戰國時期就已出現,兩漢時期“梳”“篦”“■”分别指稱密度不同的三種梳具。“梳”和“篦”的命名源於反義詞“疏”和“比”,它們產生之初習用源詞本字記錄,後分别增加木旁作“■”和“枇”,終則作“梳”和“篦”,這是字詞關係動態調整的結果。“梳”“篦”體現了意義相反或相近的詞語在用字選擇時呈現同步發展的規律特點。
There is study space for further discussion on the names and characters of combs in the academic circle.Utilizing archaeological objects,unearthed documents and handed down documents,this article gives an in-depth description of the development and evolution of four different names and their characters.The names are“zhi”(櫛),“shu”(梳),“bi”(篦)and“ji”(■).“Zhi”(櫛)and“ji”(■)were mainly used as hypernyms in the Shang and Zhou dynasties.The“shu”(梳)and“bi”(篦)appeared in the Warring States period.In the Han dynasty,“shu”(梳),“bi”(篦)and“ji”(■)referred to three kinds of combs with different densities respectively.The names of“shu”(梳)and“bi”(篦)originated from the antonyms:“shu”(疏)and“bi”(比).At the beginning of their production,they were recorded by the original characters of the source words.After that,the Chinese character component of“mu”(木)was increased as“shu”(櫳)and“bi”(枇)respectively.In the end,it is“shu”(梳)and“bi”(篦).This phenomenon is due to the dynamic adjustment of relationship between characters and words.The names of“shu”(梳)and“bi”(篦)reflect the law that words with opposite or similar meanings tend to develop in parallel in the choice of characters.
出处
《汉语史研究集刊》
2023年第2期270-282,共13页
Studies on the History of Chinese Language
基金
國家社科基金重大項目“東漢至唐朝出土文獻漢語用字研究”(21&ZD295)
天津市哲學社會科學規劃青年項目“出土先秦兩漢器物名稱及其用字演變研究”(TJYYQN22—003)
南開大學文科發展基金項目“基於出土《詩經》異文的文本流傳與詩旨變遷研究”(ZB22BZ0304)
关键词
梳
篦
櫛
古今語
字詞關係
“shu”(梳)
“bi”(篦)
“zhi”(櫛)
ancient and modern language
relationship between characters and words
