摘要
不同于依靠导体中振荡电流激励电磁波的传统电小天线(electronically small antenna, ESA),机械天线(mechanical antenna, MA)是利用机械运动的电荷或磁矩直接激励电磁波的一种新型低频电磁发信技术.该技术有望突破ESA的物理尺度限制,有利于解决现有系统天线体积庞大、设备复杂、辐射效率低、发射功率和能耗大等问题,以提高低频通信应用的机动性和灵活性,在水下和地下通信以及导航定位等领域具有广泛的应用前景,已成为当前国内外相关领域的研究热点.本文介绍了MA的基本概念与研究动态,重点研究了MA的实现形式、物理模型以及在自由空间产生时变电磁场的分布模型与衰减特性,对比了不同类型MA的性能特点及应用优势,提出了MA的基本架构,探讨了实现高效应用急需解决的关键技术问题与挑战,并对其应用模式和应用前景进行了展望.基于提出的MA架构,研制了基于钕铁硼永磁体和高速永磁伺服电机的旋转永磁式MA原理样机,通过近场测试初步验证了旋转永磁式MA的时变磁场分布特性,及其实现FSK调制的可行性和有效性.
Unlike conventional electrically small antennas(ESAs) that rely on the electromagnetic wave excited by the oscillated current in a conductor, the mechanical antennas(MAs) use a novel low-frequency(LF) transmission technique that utilizes the mechanical motion of electric charge or magnetic to generate the electromagnetic wave directly. This transmission technique is a promising solution for overcoming the physical limit of ESAs, and solving the problems of a large volume, complicated facilities, low radiation efficiency,and large transmission loss of current LF transmission systems. Accordingly, it can improve the motility and flexibility of the LF communication, and thus has a wide prospect in the underwater and underground communication and navigation and location applications. First, the definition and research status of the MA are introduced. Next, the realization and physical model investigation of the MA are provided. Then, the distribution model and attenuation characteristic of the time-varying electromagnetic field in space are explained in detail. According to the comparison of different types, a general structure of the MA is proposed. The main challenges regarding the high-efficiency utilization are introduced, and the application mode and prospect are described. A rotatingmagnet based MA prototype composed of a NdFeB high-speed permanent magnetic servo electrical machine is developed using the proposed MA structure. The time-varying magnetic field characteristic of the prototype is preliminarily verified by the near-field measurement, as well as the possibility and effectiveness of the FSK modulation.
作者
周强
姚富强
施伟
郝振洋
郑欢
刘斌
何攀峰
ZHOU Qiang;YAO FuQiang;SHI Wei;HAO ZhenYang;ZHENG Huan;LIU Bin;HE PanFeng(The Sixty-third Research Institute,National University of Defense Technology,Nanjing 210007,China;College of Automation Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;Laboratory of Low Frequency Electromagnetic Communication Technology with the 722 Research Institute,CSIC,Wuhan 430205,China)
出处
《中国科学：技术科学》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第1期69-84,共16页
Scientia Sinica(Technologica)
基金
装备预研领域基金(编号:6140518030108)
国防科技大学科研计划重点项目(编号:ZK17-02-05)资助.
关键词
低频电磁通信
电小天线
机械天线
驻极体
永磁体
超声激振
旋转伺服驱动
low frequency electromagnetic communication
electrically small antenna
mechanical antenna
electret
permanent magnet
ultrasonic vibration
rotary servo drive
作者简介
姚富强,E-mail:fyq2030@163.com
