步履蹒跚:国民政府海军学校建设述论

Naval School Construction by Nationalist Government

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摘要 1927至1937年,国民政府续办了原北洋政府时期的马尾海军学校、葫芦岛航警学校和黄埔海军学校。蒋介石通过派系分治办法,使得各校彼此不相通、相互抗衡。为了建立嫡系海军,蒋介石还新建了电雷学校。全国抗日战争爆发以后,各海校陆续西迁,电雷、青岛、黄埔三所海校相继停办,仅存的马尾海校也大幅度缩编。在贵州省桐梓办学的马尾海校为中国海军教育延存了血脉。战后,在美国援助下,国民政府在青岛成立中央海军训练团。1947年,中央海军训练团改组为海军军官学校,当时被誉为中国海军的最高学府。同时,为了培养海军机械人才和军士,国民政府先后成立了海军机械学校和海军军士学校。国民政府海军学校建设取得了一些成绩,为海军发展提供了人才支撑,但存在发展时断时续、规模有限和派系隔阂等弊端,这也就注定了国民政府海军、海校建设的失败命运。 From 1927 to 1937,the Nationalist Government renewed Mawei Naval School,Huludao Naval Police School and Huangpu Naval School,which had been set up during the period of the Beiyang Government.Chiang Kai-shek kept the schools from communicating with each other but had them contend with each other by splitting them into factions.In order to establish a legitimate navy,Chiang built a new school in Dianlei.After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression,the naval schools moved westward.The three naval schools in Dianlei,Qingdao and Huangpu were closed one after another,and the scale of the remaining Mawei Naval School was greatly reduced.The Mawei Naval School in Tongzi,Guizhou Province,was a legacy of the Chinese naval education.After the war,with the assistance of the United States,the Nationalist government established the Central Naval Training Corps in Qingdao.In 1947,the Training Corps was reorganized into the Naval Academy,which was known as the top institution of learning for Chinese Navy.At the same time,in order to train naval mechanical talents and sergeants,the government established Naval Mechanical School and Naval Sergeant School.The construction of the naval schools provided talent support for the development of the Navy,but there existed such drawbacks as intermittent development,limited scale,and factional estrangement,which doomed the failure of the Nationalist Government’s construction of the Navy and naval schools.

作者贺怀锴 He Huaikai(School of History and Culture,Henan University,Kaifeng,Henan 475000)

机构地区河南大学历史文化学院

出处《军事历史研究》 CSSCI 2022年第4期14-24,共11页 Military History Research

基金 2022年国家社会科学基金青年项目“国民政府海疆治理研究”(22CZS070) 2021年中国博士后科学基金第69批面上资助“人民海军的创建与发展研究”(2021M690901) 2022年河南省高校人文社会科学研究一般项目“民国海军建设与发展研究(1912—1949)”(2022-ZZJH-293)

关键词国民政府海军马尾海军学校中央海军训练团海军军官学校 the Nationalist Government the navy Mawei Naval School Central Naval Training Corps the Naval Academy

分类号 E296.3 [军事—军事理论]

作者简介贺怀锴,河南大学历史文化学院暨中国近现代社会转型研究中心副教授、河南大学中国史博士后流动站博士后,河南大学历史文化学院博雅拔尖人才,历史学博士