摘要
用解剖法观察了50例中国成人左肺上叶的外形、肺段支气管和血管。左肺上叶支气管的分枝型式以二分枝型为主,占96±2.77%。多数上干支气管分为尖后段支气管(B^(1+3))和前段支气管(B^(2))两枝(68+6.60%)。讨论了尖后段支气管分枝的命名问题。尖后段支气管分枝型式以B^(1+3)a,B^(1+3)b的型式较多,占68+6.60%。前段支气管分裂的颇多,占48±7.07%,分裂的原因主要是由于B^(2)a移位所致。舌干及其两个肺段支气管的变异比上干少。左肺上叶的动脉有2—6枝,其中以三枝及四枝的例数较多,共占82±5.43%。左肺动脉的第一个分枝多分布于前段或前段和尖后段,共占76+6.04%。前段动脉来自前部的占60±6.93%,有前、后部两个来源的占40±6.93%。舌段动脉多来自后部,占80±5.66%,来自前部的占10±4.24%,兼有前、后两源的占10±4.24%。在左肺上叶各肺段厢,多有跨段动脉存在,占94±3.36%。分布至舌段的动脉的起点平面,常低于左下叶尖段动脉(A^(6))发出点,或与A^(6)相平,两者共占80±5.66%。左肺上叶的静脉通常汇集为三个干(60±6.93%)。尖后段静脉的后枝(V^(1+3)a)行经B^(2)后方的较多,占48±7.07%。左肺上叶支气管的变异性较小,静脉次之,动脉较多。三者在分枝数目、分枝型式和分布的关系上,以舌段较为稳定,前段次之,尖后段变化最多。
The origin,arrangement and distribution of the segmental bronchi,arteries and veins of the left upper lobe of lungs have been studied in 50 adult cadavers.The prevailing picture of the bronchi,seen in 96%of the specimens,is the bifurcated type.The superior trunks of the left upper bronchi are mostly found to be divided into an apico-posterior and an anterior segmental bronchi.The patterns of the apico-posterior segmental bronchi,seen in 68%of the specimens,are found to be B^(1+3)a and B^(1+3)b.Many of the anterior segmental bronchi,occuried in about 48%,are usually found to be splitted;and these splittings look much like to be the results of shifting of B^(2)a.How-ever little variations are found in the lingular trunk and its two segments.The arteries supplying the left upper lobe vary in numbers from 2 to 6;but mostly 3 or 4 branches are seen and this occurs in about 82%.The first branch of them usually goes to the anterior segment,but sometimes it may go to both the anterior and the apico-posterior segments(all together in 76%).Nearly 60%of arteries supplying the anterior segment arise from the anterior part,and about 40%of them from both the anterior and the posterior parts.The majority of arteries,nearly 80%,supplying the lingular segment,arises from the posterior part;10%from the anterior;and another 10%from both the anterior and posterior parts.The level of origin of these lingular segmental arteries is usually lower than or the same as that of the apical segmental ar-teries.All together,80%are found.A great number of arteries passing through the different segments in the left upper lobe have also been recognized in 94%of the cadavers.The veins draining from the left upper lobe usually form 3 trunks,occuring in about 60%.The common picture of the apico-posterior segmental veins are found be-longing to typeⅡ(48%).In short,many variations are found in the arteries,less so in the veins and only a few in the bronchi of the left upper lobe.As to the number,arrangement,and more distributions of the branches of the arteries,veins and bronchi,variations are seen in the apico-posterior segment,less in the anterior segment and few in the lingular seg-ment.
作者
钟世镇
何光篪
陈尔瑜
刘正津
张素贞
CHUNG SHIN-CHEN;HO GWANG-TSI;CHEN ER-YU;LIU CHEN-TSIN;CHANG SU-CHEN(Department of Anatomy,Seventh Army Medical College)
出处
《解剖学报》
CAS
1963年第2期183-199,共17页
Acta Anatomica Sinica
