摘要
引言早在1538年,Vesalius已提出心脏的血液供应为冠状动脉。最近Максименков^([1])指出心脏的血液供应除冠状动脉外,尚有附加血管(如支气管动脉与纵隔动脉)参加。冠状动脉对生命具有重要意义,当此动脉有血栓形成或梗塞,可导致死亡。心血管的形态学研究,特别有关传导系的血液供应,随着心脏外科的发展,具有一定的实用意义。近世纪来,国外许多学者从解剖学,比较解剖学,人类学,病理学及临床医学等方面,对此血管进行离体观察外,并借心血管造影术与心导管插入术在活体上进行观察。
The coronary arteries of 200 human hearts,176 adults and 24 children,were studied.The results were outlined as follows:1.In 77.8±2.08%of cases(left:66.5±3.34%,right:89.0±2.21%)the origin of the coronary artery commenced at the level below the upper margin of the aortic sinus.The diameter of the left coronary artery was greater than that of the right in 82.0±2.72%,and less than or equivalent to that of the right side in 9.0±2.02%for each.2.The incidence of the accessory caronary artery was rather high in our series.It occurred in 56.5±3.51%.Almost all of the accessory coronary arteries arose from the right coronary artery except two—one from the left coronary artery and the other from the pulmonary artery.3.According to the distribution of the coronary arteries on the diaphragmatic sur-face,the coronary arteries were grouped into four types.TypeⅡ,i.e.the posterior surface of the left ventricle was supplied mainly by the right circumflex artery,was the most common pattern found in 58.0±3.49%.The terminations of each main branch were also observed.4.The ventricular septum was supplied by both the anterior and the posterior penetrating septal arteries which arose from the anterior and the posterior descending arteries respectively.We found the posterior descending arteries originating from the left circumflex artery in only 1.5±0.86%.In such cases the blood supply of the ven-tricular septum was derived from the left coronary artery alone.5.Ramus septi fibrosi(atrioventricular nodal artery)arose from the right circum-flex artery in 90.0±2.12%,from the left circumflex artery in 7.0±1.80%and from both the right and left circumflex in 3.0±1.19%.6.Ramus ostii cavae superioris(sinoatrial nodal artery)arose from the right coro-nary artery in 52.5±3.53%,from the left in 39.5±3.46%and from both in 8.0±1.92%.7.By means of injection we found the anastomoses rich between the two coronary arteries in all of the infantile hearts examined.The accessory coronary artery as well as the left and the right coronary arteries participated in the infra-pericardial arterial anastomoses.8.The arterio-venous communications of the coronary arteries may associate with interatrial defects—foramen ovale and the incomplete communication between the two atria.
作者
浙江医科大学人体解剖学教研组
Department of Anatomy,Chekiang Medical College,Hangchow
出处
《解剖学报》
CAS
1963年第3期285-297,共13页
Acta Anatomica Sinica
