摘要
山区脱贫农户收入来源单一,极易因灾致贫返贫。政策性农业保险是保障农户增收的重要金融工具,其通过去风险、稳预期为山区脱贫农户农业生产提供了兜底性收入保障。本文基于2021和2022年对贵州500户农户开展的跟踪调查,从要素替代、收入确定、生产扩大视角,使用双重差分模型及一系列检验,识别政策性农业保险改革对山区脱贫农户提升收入的效果和机制。研究表明,政策性农业保险通过提标降费、全面保障和以奖代补措施,可促使购买农机服务替代纯人工劳动要素,农户投保后不论灾否收入均不受影响,稳定了农民的生产预期,奖励则可强化对农户扩大生产的激励,促进农户收入增长。相较传统保险在农户受灾再进行赔补的模式,政策性农业保险以买保险得奖励、先赔补后定损的模式,充分发挥了兜底保障作用。据此,文章提出如下建议:以奖代补覆盖非农性生产要素投入;将预期补偿费用设置成专项投保金支付给农户用于投保,保障标准随农户生产规模递增。
Farmers in mountainous areas rely on a single income source,making them vulnerable to impoverishment in the face of disasters.Policy-oriented agricultural insurance serves as a crucial financial instrument to safeguard income growth for rural households.By mitigating risks and stabilizing expectations,it provides a safety net for agricultural production in poverty-alleviated mountainous regions.This paper,based on a tracking survey of 500 households in Guizhou in 2021 and 2022,from perspectives of factor substitution,income determination and production expansion,employs a DID model and various tests to examine the effects and mechanisms of policy-oriented agricultural insurance reforms on income improvement for poverty-alleviated households in mountainous areas.The research indicates that through measures such as raising coverage and reducing premiums,comprehensive protection,and incentives substituting for labor with the purchase of agricultural machinery,policy-oriented agricultural insurance ensures income stability by pre-determining income before the impact of disasters.It stabilizes farmers'production expectations and incentivizes them to expand production,thereby promoting income growth.Compared to the traditional insurance model,where compensation is provided after households experience losses,policy-oriented agricultural insurance,with its model of rewarding for insurance purchases and providing compensation before determining losses,effectively functions as a safety net.Based on these findings,this paper proposes the following recommendations:extend incentives to cover non-agricultural production inputs,establish a dedicated insurance fund for expected compensation,and adjust coverage standards based on the scale of farmers'production.
出处
《金融监管研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第12期24-43,共20页
Financial Regulation Research
关键词
政策性农业保险
农户收入
贵州
Policy-oriented Agricultural Insurance
Farmers'Income
Guizhou
作者简介
吴伟,经济学博士,讲师,中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院,联系方式:wawiii@163.com。
