摘要
研究结合GIS空间分析技术,选取降雨侵蚀力、土壤可蚀性、坡度坡长、地表植被覆盖等作为评估因子,引入矩阵分析、核密度分析方法,提出敏感性比例指数,对三峡库区(重庆段)2005年、2010年和2015年三个时期水土流失敏感性空间分异规律及演变趋势进行评估分析.结果表明:(1)三峡库区(重庆段)10年间水土流失敏感性空间上由"全域敏感"向"局部敏感"向"点上敏感"的状态演变,总体上呈现明显的敏感性降低趋势;(2)10年间水土流失敏感性一直处于不敏感或轻度敏感状态的面积占15.1%,敏感性变弱的区域面积占47.4%,转好趋势较为明显,分布范围较广;(3)10年间极敏感区核密度呈现明显的由"区域集中片状分布"向"多点集中分布"转变.三期核密度最高值分别为846.23、514.71、82.94,呈明显降低趋势,核密度高值空间变化与平均降水和植被覆盖变化关系密切;(4)2005—2010年期间存在部分区县的敏感性比例指数大于1,以江北区、渝北区、沙坪坝区等主城区的区县为主,这与期间城市快速扩张导致区域植被覆盖大量降低有关,2010—2015期间所有区县的敏感性均降低.研究结果中三个时期敏感性均较高、转移矩阵中敏感性上升明显、核密度中极敏感区高度集中的乡镇是水土流失防治中需要重点优先考虑的区域,因此对于水土流失评估、防治工作有很好参考作用.
The spatial differentiation law and evolution trend of soil erosion sensitivity in the three gorges reservoir area(Chongqing section) in 2005, 2010 and 2015 were evaluated and analyzed by GIS spatial analysis technology, the rainfall erosion force, soil erodibility, slope length, and surface vegetation cover taken as assessment factors, and matrix analysis, Kernel density analysis, sensitivity ratio index and other methods were adopted. The results show that:(1) the spatial change of soil erosion sensitivity in the three gorges reservoir area(Chongqing section) from "overall sensitivity" to "local sensitivity" to "point sensitivity" in 10 years, and there was a significant decrease in sensitivity.(2) In the 10 years, the area in which the soil erosion sensitivity was always in the state of insensitivity or mild sensitivity accounted for 15.1%, and the area in which the sensitivity became weaker accounted for 47.4%. It shows that the trend of improvement was obvious and the distribution range was wide.(3) In the past 10 years, the Kernel density of the extremely sensitive areas showed a significant change from "regional centralized lamellar distribution" to "multi-point centralized distribution". The highest values of Kernel density in the third stage were 846.23, 514.71 and 82.94 respectively, and the spatial variation of high Kernel density was closely related to the variation of average precipitation and vegetation cover.(4) During the period from 2005 to 2010, the sensitivity ratio index of some districts and counties was greater than 1, which was related to the rapid urban expansion that led to a large reduction in regional vegetation coverage. The sensitivity of all districts and counties was reduced from 2010 to 2015. The results show that the towns with high sensitivity in the three periods, obvious increase in sensitivity in transfer matrix or high concentration of highly sensitive areas in nuclear density were the priority areas in soil erosion control, and it provided a good reference for the assessment and prevention of soil erosion.
作者
张可
朱康文
雷波
黄昌前
张晟
李剑
ZHANG Ke;ZHU Kangwen;LEI Bo;HUANG Changqian;ZHANG Shen;LI Jian(Chongqing Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences,Chongqing 401147,China;College of Resources and Environment,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Chongqing Ecological Environment Bureau,Chongqing 401147,China)
出处
《昆明理工大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
北大核心
2020年第3期29-38,共10页
Journal of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Natural Science)
基金
重庆市技术创新与应用示范专项重点研发项目(cstc2018jszx-zdyfxmX 0021,cstc2019jscx-gksbX 0103)
重庆市生态环境局环保科技生态和土壤保护专项(19C0319-5)
关键词
三峡库区(重庆段)
水土流失
敏感性比例指数
时空分异
Three Gorges Reservoir area(Chongqing section)
soil erosion
sensitivity ratio index
spatial and temporal differentiation
kernel density
作者简介
张可(1974-),男,硕士,高级工程师.主要研究方向:水污染治理和水环境保护.E-mail:592550471@qq.com;通信作者:朱康文(1990-),男,博士研究生,GIS高级工程师.主要研究方向:3S应用与农业环境保护.E-mail:zhukangwen0927@163.com
