认知困境与能动推理:认知外在主义研究被引量：1

Epistemic Problems and Active Inference:A Study of Epistemic Externalism

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摘要近现代认知领域中传统的怀疑论一般认为有两个源头。笛卡尔怀疑论走身心鸿沟,恶魔骗局的进路,怀疑所有人们表征认知外界的真实性。休谟怀疑论则走驳斥归纳法正当性的进路,怀疑认知外界客观规律的可能性。由盖梯尔问题引发的外在主义潮流,似乎提供了同时解决怀疑论与盖梯尔问题的方案。笔者发现,面对各自的怀疑论结论,笛卡尔与休谟提出了自己的外在主义解决方案。能动推理乃关于动物感知与行动合一的最新版学说,它为看清外在主义知识论的本质提供了经验基础。同时,它也揭示了外在主义进路的局限性。最终的结论似乎是,能动推理或贝叶斯大脑理论对笛卡尔怀疑论几乎不起作用,但它为休谟的外在主义方案提供了崭新的内容;另外,通过长期的演化博弈,涌现出的一套由马可夫毯保护的、感知行动合一的贝叶斯机器,乃是人类避开大规模盖梯尔环境的保障。 The traditional skepticism has two modern origins.Cartesian skepticism follows the route from the mind-body gap and the Evil Demon argument;it doubts about the truth of any of the representations in an agent’s mind.Humean skepticism follows the route that questions the legitimacy of induction and doubts the possibility of knowing objective regularities.The externalist approaches inspired by the Gettier Problem appear to have offered a solution to skepticism and the Gettier problem.We make a discovery in this paper that Descartes and Hume each proposed his own unique brand of externalism while searching for a resolution of skepticism.Active Inference is the newest theory about the integrated perception-action process;it appears to have provided externalism in epistemology a solid foundation,while revealing the limitations of externalism.The final result seems to be:the active inference and Bayesian brain inspired approaches offer little or nothing to resolving Cartesian skepticism,but it supplies fresh blood for the resolution of Humean skepticism.Besides,the Markov“blanketed”,perception-action integrated Bayesian machine,the animal brain,that has emerged from a long game-evolutionary process seems to have helped mankind in avoiding any large scale Gettier environment.

作者刘闯 LIU Chuang(School of Philosophy,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区复旦大学哲学学院

出处《科学技术哲学研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2023年第3期1-10,共10页 Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology

关键词笛卡尔怀疑论休谟怀疑论恶魔骗局缸中之脑盖梯尔问题外在主义预测加工演化博弈 Cartesian skepticism Humean skepticism the evil demon the brain-in-a-vat the Gettier problem externalism the predictive processing evolutionary game theory.

分类号 N02 [自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]

作者简介刘闯(1958-),男,浙江松阳人,复旦大学哲学学院特聘教授,研究方向为科学哲学、物理学哲学。