摘要
低碳生物合成以CO_(2)等可再生碳资源为原料,以生物体为工具进行物质合成,是节约化石原料的可持续路线,是现有化工、农业产品的替代性低碳生产新模式,是CO_(2)高效利用转化的工业碳汇新路径.目前低碳生物合成的产业影响力、技术经济性等还无法与传统路线竞争,CO_(2)等可再生碳资源的生物工业利用范围、转化效率、生物合成的工业能力等是亟待解决的关键科技问题.快速发展的工程生物学是对生物体结构和功能进行工程化设计再造的新生物学领域,正在推动生物学工程化新范式,将从根本上提升生物体将CO_(2)等可再生碳资源转化为生物基产品的能力,引发生物工业的颠覆式突破.针对碳达峰、碳中和战略目标实施,本文分析了低碳生物合成的发展机遇,综述了低碳生物合成国内外的科技进展与发展趋势,探讨了低碳生物合成的科技挑战与重点方向,最后对发展方向提出了相关建议.
Low-carbon biosynthesis,using renewable carbon resources such as CO_(2) or lignocellulose biomass as feedstock and engineered biological systems as biotools for material processing and manufacturing,is a sustainable route for replacing fossil feedstock,a new mode of low-carbon production of chemical and agricultural products,and a new path for industrial carbon sinks for the efficient conversion and utilization of CO_(2).At present,the route of low-carbon biosynthesis cannot compete with the traditional chemical synthesis route with respect to industrial influence and technical economy,etc.The industrial applicability and conversion efficiency of CO_(2) and other renewable carbon resources,and industrial capacity of low-carbon biosynthesis are still the significant challenges,which should be solved as soon as possible through the great efforts of many parties.The emerging engineering biology is a new and important research field in which the structure and function of the biological systems could be reprogrammed and needed.Engineering biology could be promoting a new paradigm of designing and building the biological systems,and will fundamentally improve the ability and efficiency of biological systems to convert CO_(2) and other renewable carbon resources into bio-based products,and trigger a disruptive breakthrough in the bioindustry.Firstly,we analyze the development opportunities of low-carbon biosynthesis and confirm that the development of lowcarbon biosynthesis is an important route to achieve the goal of“carbon peak and carbon neutrality”,will bring significant environmental,economical and social benefits,and is a strategic battleground for China’s bio-economy.Then,we summarize the current scientific and technological advances and trends of low-carbon biosynthesis at home and abroad.Currently,main developed countries,including US,UK,Germany,Australia,Japan and Korea,etc.,enact and issue many strategies and action plans to accelerate the development of global sci-tech innovation for low-carbon biosynthesis,and major scientific breakthroughs in the field of low-carbon biosynthesis has made continuously achieved.More and more biobased products could be efficiently manufactured by low-carbon biosynthesis.Further,we discuss the scientific and technological challenges and key directions of low-carbon biosynthesis.Low-carbon biosynthesis have developed rapidly in recent years,however,the performance and efficiency of natural biological systems cannot be fully compared with chemical catalysts and it is still difficult for low-carbon biosynthesis to fully compete with chemical synthesis.The key scientific and technological barriers that need to be solved urgently in the development of low-carbon biosynthesis are how to design and build the high-performance synthetic biological systems with predictable,reconstructed and adjustable functions,which significantly improve the efficiency of renewable carbon source conversion and utilization,and create a new mode of material bioprocessing and biomanufacturing.Hence,it is necessary to focus on the layout of CO_(2) bioconversion and C1 biochemical engineering,biomass metabolic conversion as well as manufacturing of biobased products,so as to provide scientific and technological basis for enhancing the core competitiveness of low-carbon manufacturing innovation and China’s green bioeconomy.Finally,we put forward relevant opinions and suggestions for future development,and think it is necessary to strengthen the layout of cutting-edge basic research and fund major projects in the field low-carbon biosynthesis,and it is also indispensable to rebuild the institutional systems and promote scientific and technological innovation and the healthy development of bioindustry.
作者
王钦宏
张以恒
田朝光
孙周通
马延和
Qinhong Wang;Yiheng Zhang;Chaoguang Tian;Zhoutong Sun;Yanhe Ma(Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Tianjin 300308,China;National Technology Innovation Center of Synthetic Biology,Tianjin 300308,China)
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第19期2427-2434,共8页
Chinese Science Bulletin
关键词
低碳生物合成
二氧化碳
可再生碳资源
工程生物学
碳达峰
碳中和
low-carbon biosynthesis
carbon dioxide
renewable feedstock
engineering biology
carbon peak
carbon neutrality
作者简介
联系人:王钦宏,E-mail:wang_qh@tib.cas.cn
