摘要
2022年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予了德国马克斯·普朗克进化人类学研究所创始人、所长——瑞典籍古遗传学家Svante Pääbo博士,以表彰他在已灭绝古人类基因组和人类进化研究方面所作出的贡献.这是古生物学首次问鼎诺贝尔奖,意味着运用遗传学的方法使古代人类遗骸或古代人类生存遗迹“发言”、解构人类进化历史、解读人群遗传多样性等一系列工作获得了国际学术界的高度认可,是具有重大影响力的世界科技前沿.借此契机,本文对发展古基因组学研究人类演化的科学意义和现阶段全球发展态势进行分析和讨论,并结合目前国情,就我国发展人类古基因组学研究提出几点建议.
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022 was awarded to Dr.Svante Pääbo,the founder and director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology,for his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution.This indicates that fields of work,such as making ancient human remains and archaeological specimens“express”,dissecting human evolutionary history,and interpreting population genetic diversity,all through genetic methods,has been highly valued by the international science community.As one of the critical global technological frontiers,human paleogenomics explores the formation mechanism,genetic characteristics,and migration process of populations,and is the most important method for exploring the origin of human beings and human evolutionary history.Furthermore,these efforts contribute substantially toward investigating the evolution of human physiological characteristics and controlling disease risk.The global center of paleogenomics research spread from Europe,and the study of East Asian population evolution is receiving increasing attention because of its importance in revealing the origin and development of Chinese ethnic groups and filling the gap in the evolution of Eurasian populations.Currently,the global development of paleogenomics research is becoming increasingly popular.As an important technical means to achieve important breakthroughs and discoveries in paleoanthropological research,cutting-edge techniques for accessing and analyzing ancient DNA are advancing rapidly,constantly unlocking research possibilities for paleontologists and paleoanthropologists.Driven by technological upgrades,many achievements have emerged,ushering in a fast-developing era.In this field,countries and regions that had an early start include Europe,America,and Australia,where top laboratories and research groups have made significant progress,mainly focusing on ancient human DNA research in Eurasia,North America,and Australia.China entered the field and developed technologies late;however,in recent years,with the return of scholars who have completed doctoral studies or conducted post-doctoral collaborative research in leading global institutions,domestic teams lead by young scientists have grown rapidly,and have made many breakthroughs in research on the genetic evolution of East Asian populations.China has a vast territory,and the diverse and integrated development of Chinese civilization is splendid and everlasting.Ancient DNA samples and historical relics are abundant.In the post-gene era,human genetic data have become a very important national strategic resource for exploring truths about life and deciphering human health issues.Based on the above analysis and considering the important expositions on strengthening original and leading scientific and technological research,deploying strategic,wide-ranging,and prospective national major scientific and technological projects,and building emerging frontier interdisciplinary subjects in the report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,it is suggested that we should strengthen the construction of paleogenomics research platforms and infrastructure,introduce and cultivate talent squads,actively deploy projects on East Asian populations to establish an international dominant position,and offer long-term and stable promotion of interdisciplinary integration and development to enhance scientific and technological capabilities.With the promotion of continuous optimization of research facilities and talent troops in the future,new research subdivision directions are expected to emerge in China,presenting more precise historical details of the evolution of East Asian populations,which will form the brightest and an indelible stroke on the genetic historical canvas of East Asian populations in full high definition.
作者
邓诗碧
陈方
Shibi Deng;Fang Chen(Center for Strategic Studies on Bioscience and Biotechnology,Chengdu Library and Information Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610299,China;Department of Information Resources Management,School of Economics and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《科学通报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第19期2544-2549,共6页
Chinese Science Bulletin
基金
中国科学院重点部署项目(KJZD-SW-L09)资助
作者简介
邓诗碧,中国科学院成都文献情报中心馆员.主要从事生物科技及相关领域的科技战略、创新政策研究和情报服务工作;联系人:陈方,中国科学院成都文献情报中心研究员,战略情报部主任,生物科技战略研究中心执行主任.研究方向包括国际生物经济发展战略、生物领域前沿交叉技术发展趋势、大数据与信息技术在情报分析中的应用等.E-mail:chenf@clas.ac.cn
