摘要
朱熹《论语集注》解“克己复礼为仁”,将“己”解为“身之私欲”,“克己”解为克胜私欲,受到阳明后学以及不少清儒的反对。与朱熹多有交往的张栻解“克己复礼为仁”,讲“克尽己私,一由于礼”,主要就克尽私意而言,并没有直接讲克胜私欲,显示出与朱熹强调克胜私欲不一样的解读。与此同时,朱熹虽然批评胡宏讲“天理人欲,同体而异用”而强调克胜私欲,但又与张栻一样接受胡宏所言“天理人欲,同行而异情”,并非完全拒斥人的欲望;晚年还较多把“克己”解为克尽私意,与张栻的解读多有一致。可见,朱熹的解读与张栻又是相通的,而各有侧重,其中还包括他们对于“公”“私”的不同理解,体现了二者不同的价值取向。
In his Collected Commentaries on the Analects,Zhu Xi offers his reading of"humanity as conquering the self and returning to propriety"in Analects 12:1.He interprets"the self"as"the selfish desires of the body,"and"conquering the self"as"overcoming selfish desires."His interpretation was opposed by the followers of Wang Yangming and many Confucians of the Qing dynasty.By contrast,Zhang Shi,when interpreting this passage,talks more about"completely subduing selfishness and letting all of it be subject to propriety."Here,Zhang speaks only of completely subduing the selfish will,without directly mentioning"conquering selfish desires."Furthermore,although Zhu emphasizes conquering selfish desires and criticizes Hu Hong's proposition that"both the heavenly principle and human desires pertain to the same substance,yet with different functions,"he accepts Hu's statement that the heavenly principle and human desires are concurrent,while they arouse different emotions,"indicating that Zhu does not completely deny human desires.In his later years,Zhu tended to interpret"conquering the self"as the complete subduing of selfish will.Obviously,Zhang's and Zhu's interpretations share some common ground,but each has its own emphasis.What is important is that their emphases indicate their different understandings of"public"and"selfish,"which reflect their different value orientations.
作者
乐爱国
Wang Xiaonong(译)
Le Aiguo;Wang Xiaonong(the Department of Philosophy at Xiamen University;the Institute of Zhu Xi Studies at Shangrao Normal University;the School of Foreign Languages at Ludong University)
出处
《孔学堂》
CSSCI
2024年第2期52-62,153-165,共24页
Confucian Academy
基金
2021年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“明清朱子学通史”(项目批准号:21&ZD051)阶段性成果
关键词
张栻
朱熹
克己复礼
私欲
私意
Zhang Shi
Zhu Xi
ke ji fu li
selfi sh desire
selfi sh will
作者简介
乐爱国,上饶师范学院朱子学研究所特聘教授(江西上饶334001),厦门大学哲学系教授(福建厦门361005)。E-mail:leaiguo@xmu.edu.cn;Wang Xiaonong,is professor in the School of Foreign Languages at Ludong University
