摘要
部落社会是影响当前阿富汗国家构建的结构性变量,也是深刻认识阿富汗问题的关键性因素。阿富汗部落社会具有高度的自治性和内聚力,这与阿富汗国家重构形成了尖锐的矛盾。当前,部落社会对国家能力的拓展、合法性的增强造成严峻挑战。部落社会以血缘和特定地缘为认同中心,裂变为众多相互孤立并具有高度内聚力和排他性的认同单元,极大地限制了国家的认同和统一。阿富汗对部落社会治理的失败给予塔利班可乘之机。相较于政府而言,塔利班更加适应部落社会的组织形式、文化观念和行为模式,部落社会成为其再次崛起的温床,影响社会和解。总体上看,阿富汗以西方为模板重构国家制度,这与阿富汗传统社会严重脱节。阿富汗部落社会在地方治理、公共产品供给、政权的合法化、冲突化解乃至抵御境外极端主义等方面都具有独特的价值。
Tribal society is a structural variable that impacts Afghanistan’s state building efforts and is critical for understanding the core challenges the country faces.Afghanistan’s tribal society is characterized by a high level of autonomy and cohesion,which are sharply at odds with the thrust of the reconstruction efforts of the Afghan State.At present,tribal society presents a strong challenge to the extension of state power and legitimacy.Tribal society is based on bloodlines and unique geography and is fragmented into many isolated lineage units that are highly cohesive and extremely exclusive,greatly limiting concepts of national identity and unity.Afghanistan’s failure to govern a tribal society has provided the Taliban with another opportunity.Compared with the government,the Taliban is more adaptive to the organizational characteristics,culture,and behavioral modalities of a tribal society.As such Afghanistan’s tribal society has become a hotbed for the Taliban’s re-emergence,with profound implications for social cohesion.Generally speaking,Afghanistan attempted to apply Western models of the state to rebuild its national institutions,breaking deeply from Afghan social traditions.The reality is that Afghanistan’s tribal society has its own unique values with respect to local governance,the provision of public goods,the legitimacy of state power,conflict resolution and even combating foreign extremism.
出处
《南亚研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2021年第1期112-134,158-159,共25页
South Asian Studies
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“中东部落社会通史研究”(项目批准号:15ZDB062)的阶段性成果
关键词
阿富汗
部落社会
国家构建
塔利班
社会和解
Afghanistan
Tribal Society
State Building
Taliban
Social Reconciliation
作者简介
闫伟,陕西师范大学历史文化学院博士后,西北大学中东研究所、叙利亚研究中心教授;刘伟,西北大学中东研究所硕士研究生
