摘要
当代西方伦理学领域基于休谟伦理学的美德伦理思考主要包括两个方面。一是借助休谟美德思想的观点来发展和建构美德伦理学。安斯库姆等人受到休谟道德心理学的启发,对现代道德哲学进行批评,为当代美德伦理学的发展奠定了基础;以斯洛特为代表的美德伦理学家则基于休谟的道德心理学构建情感主义美德伦理学。斯洛特引入休谟的移情概念来解释关怀概念,以关怀作为伦理规范性来源,并将之贯彻到美德和正义领域,形成一个融贯的美德伦理学体系。二是对休谟伦理学进行美德伦理学解读。杰奎琳·泰勒和克里斯汀·斯望顿等人认为休谟伦理学是美德伦理学。但基于"以美德为中心的"美德伦理观,休谟伦理学并不主张有德之人是美德知识的来源;基于正当与美德关系的美德伦理观,休谟伦理学是美德伦理与规则伦理并存的伦理系统。因此,把休谟伦理学视为美德伦理学或者其他单一类型的规范伦理学都不恰当。休谟伦理学对于美德伦理学的价值主要在于其道德心理学和基于伦理实践的自然主义、现实主义的经验论伦理学方法。
Thought on Hume’s ethics virtue ethics in the field of contemporary western ethics mainly includes two aspects.One is to develop and construct the virtue ethics by Hume thought of virtue.Inspired by Hume’s moral psychology,Anscombe criticised modern moral philosophy,laid the foundation for the development of contemporary virtue ethics;Slote established sentimentalist virtue ethics based on Hume’s moral psychology.Slote explained the concept of care as a source of ethical normativity by means of introduction of Hume’s concept of empathy,and carried it out in the field of virtue and justice and formed a coherent system of virtue ethics.The second is interpretation of Hume’s ethics as virtue ethics.Jacqueline Taylor and Christine Swanton claimed that Hume’s ethics is a kind of virtue ethics.From the perspective of virtue-centered virtue ethics,Hume’s ethics has core viewpoints consistent to it,but these viewpoints are not the main focus of Hume’s ethics.From the perspective of the virtue ethics based on relations between virtue and rightness,though Hume’s ethics emphasizes priority of virtue to rightness,but it also has an rule ethics system independent from virtue.Therefore,Hume’s ethics cannot be ascribed simply to virtue ethics.The main values of Hume’s ethics for virtue ethics are its moral psychology and naturalist,realist and empirical method aiming at ethical practice.
出处
《伦理学术》
2019年第2期100-119,共20页
Academia Ethica
作者简介
赵永刚,青岛大学马克思主义学院哲学系特聘教授,研究方向为美德伦理学。
