摘要
本文通过梳理希腊化时期的伊壁鸠鲁学派、怀疑论及斯多亚学派对哲学的基本看法,得出他们都把哲学类比为治疗灵魂疾病的医术,认为哲学治疗的是由错误信念所引起的疾病。在伊壁鸠鲁学派那里,通过改变错误信念消除空洞的欲望达到治疗目的;在怀疑论那里,通过否定信念本身来治疗灵魂的疾病;在斯多亚学派那里,通过根除激情来达到灵魂的安宁。通过与亚里士多德的比较,努斯鲍姆指出,希腊化时期的思想家是"通过改变需要来迎合世界",反之,亚里士多德则是"通过改变世界来满足人的需要"。努斯鲍姆认为,改变需要和改变世界同样重要,改变需要意在改变人性,改变世界诉诸制度建设,最好的政治就是改变人性和制度建设同时进行,人性的改变有利于制度的实施,制度建设有利于人性的培养。
This article sorts out the Epicurean School,the Skepticism and the Stoic School’s basic views on philosophy during the Hellenistic period,all of which consider philosophy as the treatment of diseases caused by false beliefs,comparing philosophy to medicine for the treatment of soul diseases.The Epicurean School removes empty desires for therapeutic purposes by changing false beliefs,while the Skepticism treats the disease of the soul by negating the belief itself and the Stoic School achieves peace of mind by extirpating the passions.By comparison with Aristotle,Nussbaum points out that the thinkers of the Hellenistic period alter needs to meet the world,while Aristotle alters the world to meet human needs.Nussbaum believes that altering needs and altering the world are both important and the intention of the former is to change human nature while the latter is for system construction.The best politics is to change human nature and construct system simultaneously.The change of human nature is helpful for the implementation of the system,and the system construction is helpful for the cultivation of human nature.
出处
《伦理学术》
2019年第2期305-316,共12页
Academia Ethica
基金
2017年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“情感政治视域下的纳斯鲍姆正义理论研究”(项目批准号:17YJC720034)的阶段性研究成果.
作者简介
叶晓璐,哲学博士,复旦大学哲学学院副研究馆员,研究方向为国外马克思主义和西方道德哲学。
