摘要
兴起于上世纪中叶的美德伦理学把亚里士多德当作自身所要复兴的重要对象之一,美德伦理学家把康德式的道义论伦理学和功利主义的后果论伦理学并称为“规则伦理学”,并认为自身是与二者都不同的伦理学类型。然而,“美德伦理学”指向的是一个太过复杂的群体。一部分学者指出,我们今天所称的“美德伦理学”实际上包含两种截然不同的伦理学样态:一种主要是反对康德的美德伦理学,另一种主要是反对功利主义的美德伦理学。不同的理论背景代表着完全不同的理论诉求。笔者认为,美德伦理学在从古希腊哲学中汲取资源的同时,也应充分吸收康德伦理学的优点。只有不因对古典德性论的重视而回到道义与功利不分的蒙昧状态中,“德性”的力量才足以穿过历史的迷雾而在未来的伦理学中更加熠熠生辉。
Virtue ethics,which rose in the middle of the last century,regarded Aristotle as one of the important objects to be revived.Virtue ethicists called Kantian deontic ethics and utilitarian consequentialist ethics“rule ethics”,and considered themselves as different ethical types from both.However,“virtue ethics”refers to a group that is too complex.Some scholars pointed out that what we call“virtue ethics”today actually contains two distinct ethical patterns:one is mainly against Kant's virtue ethics,and the other is mainly against utilitarianism's virtue ethics.Different theoretical backgrounds represent completely different theoretical demands.The author believes that virtue ethics should fully absorb the advantages of Kant's ethics while drawing resources from ancient Greek philosophy.Only when we do not return to the ignorance state where morality and utilitarianism are indistinguishable under the pretext of attaching importance to classical virtue theory,can the power of“virtue”pass through the fog of history and shine more brightly in future ethics.
出处
《伦理学术》
2023年第2期251-268,共18页
Academia Ethica
作者简介
刘晓飞,复旦大学哲学学院博士研究生,主要研究方向为儒家哲学与比较哲学。
