摘要
二程的君臣共治理念是理学家责任担当精神的典范,通过对《周易》《尚书》等儒家经典的诠释,呈现了君臣共治的天道基础、伦理关系,尤其君臣角色伦理与责任伦理的辨证互动。基于天道之公(仁)而有君臣相比(相亲),即君臣和合相保的角色伦理,二程礼学升华了儒家宗法制内蕴的一体共存的价值,角色伦理被拓展为主动对天地万物负责的责任伦理。在君臣责任伦理方面,二程提出“君臣犹父子”之伦常的本分责任,以及师臣之德位的政治责任。实际上清晰地明确了君臣伦常(君臣上下之义)与共治责任(君臣一体之仁)的界限,建构了君位与德位的平衡关系。二程责任伦理学所呈现的仁义并行、德位君位共济的关系,反映了天理相即于人伦日用的本体—方法论,对于考察中国哲学之伦理本位特质,乃至探索“伦理学之为第一哲学”的证成,可能具有一定的启发意义。
Cheng brothers'idea about the way that the emperor and ministers mutually rule is the paradigm of Neo-Confucianists'spirit of assuming responsibility,of which the heaven logic,ethical relation,and especially the dialectical interaction between role ethics and responsibility ethics are presented through interpretations of Confucian classics as Zhouyi and Shangshu.Adhering to the heaven logic that is impartiality or benevolence,the emperor and ministers grouped together,which means they had the role ethics of a coexisting group.Cheng brothers'rite thought sublimated the value of coexistence in Confucian patriarch system,and role ethics was expanded to responsibility ethics for all lives on earth.Cheng brothers promoted the responsibility of ethical roles that“the emperor and ministers are like the father and children”and the political responsibility of a minister(also as the emperor's teacher)'s position defined by his virtue.They actually drew a clear line between the ethic(Yi that means hierarchical order among the emperor and ministers)and the responsibility(Ren that means the emperor and ministers are regarded as one substance),and thus created the balance between Confucian virtue position and the emperor's authority.Since Cheng brothers'responsibility ethics revealed the connection of benevolence and impartiality,and also the cooperation between Confucian virtue position and the emperor's authority,which reflected Neo-Confucian ontology-methodology that there is the interbeing nature among the heaven logic and the daily human affectivity,the paper may have some influence on exploring the ethics-based character of Chinese philosophy and even attempting to prove that the ethics is the first philosophy.
出处
《伦理学术》
2023年第2期88-103,共16页
Academia Ethica
基金
国家社科基金后期资助项目“从‘责任’到‘信任’:宋明理学道德——政治哲学的新探索”(项目编号:17FZX019)的阶段性成果
关键词
程颢
程颐
君臣共治
公
仁
角色伦理
责任伦理
Cheng Hao
Cheng Yi
The Way That the Emperor and Ministers Mutually Rule
Impartiality
Benevolence
Role Ethics
Responsibility Ethics
作者简介
雷静,华南师范大学哲学与社会发展学院教授,主要研究领域为宋明理学与儒家伦理。
