摘要
亚里士多德的哲学遗产应该是历史中影响了斯多亚派的道德和心理思想样貌的理论之一,即便它的影响更应在每一个具体案例中得到阐释,而不是在普遍意义上被视为理所应当的。在讨论了陈述文献证据过程中所引起的方法论问题之后,我将关注亚里士多德遗留下来的哲学议题、人类灵魂结构问题,以及品格与情感理论。我认为,亚里士多德对斯多亚派的影响,不仅在于他们采用了亚里士多德的主题与概念,还在于他们接受了亚里士多德讨论过却最终拒斥的选项,因为亚里士多德的大多作品都有一种辩疑的性质。尤其是,斯多亚派受到了亚里士多德一些思考的影响,在这些思考中,他对斯多亚派的哲学英雄——苏格拉底的相关立场进行了讨论、接纳或拒斥(特别是在《论灵魂》第2卷第9—10章与《尼各马可伦理学》第7卷第1—11章之中)。由此来看,亚里士多德的遗产似乎比之前设想的更能解释斯多亚派道德心理学的独特特征,尤其是其苏格拉底式的特征。
Aristotle's philosophical legacy should be accepted as one of the historical influences that shaped Stoic moral and psychological thought,even if this influence needs to be demonstrated in each individual case rather than be taken for granted in general.Having discussed the methodological issues raised by the state of our documented evidence,I focus upon the particular philosophical agenda bequeathed by Aristotle,the issue of the structure of the human soul,and the theory of character and emotion.I argue that Aristotle's influence upon the Stoics is not only a matter of their adoption of Aristotelian themes or concepts but that,given the aporetic quality of much of Aristotle's writing,they accepted options as discussed,and actually rejected,by Aristotle.In particular,the Stoics have been influenced by deliberations in which Aristotle discusses,adapts or rejects positions associated with the philosophical hero of the Stoics,Socrates(in particular in De an.II,9-10 and EN VII,1-11).Seen in this light,the Aristotelian legacy appears to be even more relevant to explaining distinctive and in particular Socratic features of Stoic moral psychology than has been previously assumed.
出处
《伦理学术》
2023年第2期127-143,共17页
Academia Ethica
基金
国家社科基金一般项目“斯多亚派的伦理思想研究”(项目编号:20BZX114)的阶段性成果
作者简介
特恩·蒂莱曼(Teun Tieleman),荷兰乌特勒支大学教授,主要研究领域为斯多亚主义、情感理论、帕加马的盖伦等;陶涛,南京师范大学哲学系教授,国家高层次人才特殊支持计划青年拔尖人才,主要研究领域为伦理学理论、中西伦理学比较等
